Mughal Emperor Akbar Essay -- Emperors Akbar India Essays

Mughal Emperor AkbarTopicWhat were the contribution of the Mughal emperor Akbar to the creation of an Indian national Identity? What were the greatest obstacles to his achievement in this?The greatest of the Mughals emperors, Akbar, attempted the creation of a national identity for India by his numerous reforms, literal and cultural development, and policies of integration and organization. His reforms include a liberal policy toward the non-Muslims, religious innovations, the land revenue system and the famous Mansabdari system. His policy of religious toleration became the just about significant aspect during his reign. Akbar naturalized a new organized religion, the Din-i-Ilahi. But Akbars attempt to create a national identity and a social equilibrium through his religious and semipolitical innovations was met with many obstacles and much opposition. Akbars approach to the problem of effectively governing a vast empire, made up of various ethnic groups, was to identify his int erests with those of the terra firma and set himself to unite all his subjects. Akbar introduced a policy of reconciliation and assimilation of Hindus, who represented the majority of the population. Akbar understood the importance of tolerance, which was paramount to his dynastys long-term viability. The Hindus could tho be reconciled by equality of treatment and respect for their institutions. Their employment was beneficial to the empire, as many were better businessmen than the Muslim invaders who were uneducated. Having defeated the Rajputs, the most militant of the Hindu rulers, he allied himself with them, by recruiting many capable Hindu chiefs with the highest ranks in government and by conferring honours upon them. To further build adhesiveness with the Rajputs, he encouraged intermarriages between Mughal and Rajput aristocracy, setting himself as an example by marrying daughters of three leading Rajput chiefs. Akbars acts of tolerance were aimed at the Hindu community as a whole and not just at the Rajputs, who became one of the pillars of the empire. His efforts to win over the Hindu population included reforms like, allowing all Hindus to practice their own religion without disturbance, and Akbar further flattered them by personally participating in the ... ...letely destroyed by his great-grandson, Emperor Aurangzeb . - 2000 words - Assessment 84% - Has never been submitted anywhere except to the university for assessment.BIBLIOGRAPHY subaltern SOURCESAllan J. & Dodwell H.H., The Cambridge Shorter History of India,London, Cambridge University Press, 1934.De Riencourt, Amaury., The Soul of India,Revised edn., Great Britain,Honeyglen Publishing, 1986.Lamb, Beatrice Pitney., India A World in Transition,New York, Frederick A. Praeger, 1963.Ratman, T., Report on India,London, Oxford University Press, 1943.Rawlinson, H.G., India A Short Cultural History,New York, Frederick A. Praeger, 1952.Thapar, Romila., A History of India, vol. 1,London, Penguin Books, 1990.Watson, Francis., A Concise History of India,Great Britain, Thames and Hudson, 1974.accessed 5 August, 2004.accessed 5 August, 2004. accessed 4 August, 2004. accessed 5 August, 2004.accessed 4 August, 2004.accessed 2 August, 2004. accessed 27 July, 2004accessed 25 July, 2004. accessed 25 July, 2004.accessed 28 July, 2004.accessed 2 August, 2004

Comparision of cities :: essays research papers

3 Cities Comparison Paper Alexandria, EgyptThere are some differences in the midst of Alexandria in 1000 A.D and present day Alexandria, Egypt. There are also some similarities, too. In ancient periods, the population of Alexandria was not actually calculated, but decidedly far less than today. Presently, there is a population of approximately 3,380,000 people. Along with the increased population, comes a totally different way of life. In the past, people make their living trading products typical to their era and working for more prominent people. Nowadays, there are many factories and industries, such as oil refineries, automobile manufacturing plants, and textile plants. Trade is still a common way of life and business, but in a slightly different way. In the past, items traded were related to the time it existed. Now, items are more modern, according to the time period and what is in demand.Another distinctive characteristic is the structure of parliamentary law in Alexandr ia, Egypt. Ancient Egyptian society consisted in a structure closely resembling a pyramid, and actually still exists today. There is a system of castes and classes that range from the very rich to the very poor. in the main the society has not drastically changed, but is slowly but surely trying to catch up with the times and with the rest of the world.A particular wont in this country which has changed is the idea and practice of marriage. Formerly, it was customary and dependably arranged and most of the times, at a very young age. This ritual or custom was particularly due to the families exchanging goods and other possessions between each other. Today, marriage has a completely different outlook. Women are able to choose who they wish to marry, but not without the consent and approval of the families.

Herbal Weight Loss Products Essay -- Diet Health Nutrition Papers

Herbal Weight Loss ProductsAn analysis of two particularly controversial productsHerbal remedies, along with vitamins and various other types of dietetic supplements, have long been popular with the customers of health food stores. But now they are part of a boom in alternative remedies and are widely available in supermarkets and pharmacies. In recent months, there has been an incredible surge in the sheer volume of scientific studies that have discussed the effectiveness of such herb tea products. Medical scientists consider such findings promising but preliminary additional research must definitely be explored. However, herbal supplement manufacturers are using such studies to boost the credibility of traditional herbal remedies. There are currently no government regulations to specify the purity, dosage or effectiveness of these products. galore(postnominal) consumers are opting to try them, assuming that the natural products with a long history of use will undoubtedly be sa fe. As herbal remedies continue to catch in popularity, reports by consumers of serious complications are also increasing. In one statistical report it was stated that 500 incidents were reported to the Food and Drug authorities last year alone. Leading the list of dangerous and ineffective ingredients are ephedra (or Ma Huang) and Chromium. Ephedra alone has accounted for more than half of the complaints in the past tense three years and has been associated with more than three dozen deaths. Thus the validity and the efficacy of these claims will need to be addressed. What are the claims of Natural Healing? It is manifest that our bodies are remarkable machines. However, the claim is that natural remedies aid the bodys immune system toward tot... ...ances M. Chromium Picolinate--Still Hot on the Market. Healthy Weight Journal. Jul8(4), 1994. Dolby, Victoria. Tip the Scales in Your Favor with Metabolic Weight Loss Nutrients. Better Nutrition. Oct 58(10), 1996, Okie, Susan . Looking for Mr. GoodPill Americans Have Fallen in Love With Herbal Supplements--But Do They Work? Are They unspoilt? The Washington Post, Nov. 25, 1997. Reading, S.A. Chromium Picolinate. Journal of Florida Medical Association. Jan83(1) 29-31, 1996. Stearns, D.M. A prediction of chromium (III) accumulation in humans from chromium dietary supplements. FASEB. Dec9(15)1650-7, 1995 Trent, L.K. Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. Dec35(4)273-80. Walsh, Julie. The great chromium debate. Bicycling. Oct/Nov 37(10), 1996.

Recycling :: essays research papers

Five years train passed since the Earth Summit. Have we made any distribute? Have we moved closer to the goal of sustainable development in the last basketball team years? Is the world better off today than it was five years ago? A pessimist will say that the glass is half empty. As an optimist I prefer to say that the glass is half full. Let me matter the main achievements", asserts Ambasador Tommy Koh of Singapore. The following is adapted from his article.First, the Earth Summit has brought to a final resolution the age-old debate between economic development and protection of the environment. The fresh wisdom is that we want economic progress, but we also want to live in harmony with nature. To be sure, Governments have to make hard choices and there atomic number 18 trade-offs between the two objectives. But since the Earth Summit, it is no longer possible to utter round development without considering its impact on the environment or to talk about protecting the env ironment without considering its impact on sustainable development. Many countries have enacted legislation to provide for environmental impact assessment. Second, the Earth Summit has charge the environmental movement. Within national Governments, the ministries of environment and environmental protection agencies have expire more important. The NGO (non-governmental organization) federation has gained in stature and influence. Many countries have established national councils on sustainable development. The business community has rallied to the cause and established the Business Council on Sustainable Development. Business leaders have be take place aware that support for the environment is not inconsistent with profitability. Third, the Framework Convention on Climate Change has come into force. The States Parties are engaged in the grueling process of negotiating a Protocol which would contain legally binding limits on the emission of greenhouse gases. Fourth, the Convention on Biological Diversity has also come into force. States Parties are required to undertake inventories of their biological diversity. They are also required to publish Red Data Books containing their endangered species of flora and fauna. Although we continue to lose about three species of flora and fauna every day, the prospect is better today than five years ago that the world will arrest and reverse this trend. Fifth, in response to the urgent need of Africa, a Convention to Combat Desertification has been negotiated and adopted. It will enter into force in December 1997. I hope the international community will back the Convention with the requisite political will and economic resources to make it work.

Columbine -Type Students In American Public Schools :: science

Columbine -Type Students In American Public SchoolsDont kid yourself. Theres trouble in paradise that escapes the vision of folks wearing rose-colored glasses. Im not a modern Chicken Little running around screaming The sky is falling And Im not a little boy crying fall out WolfI am a former English teacher with thirty-four years classroom experience. Ive taught through wars, recessions, political assassinations and public anti-war protests. Ive seen and broken-up hundreds of bloody student fights. Ive been threatened by enraged students and by their irate parents. Been there done thatColumbine-type students attend most high and middle school days crosswise the country. They attend Hammonton High, Hammonton Middle, Edgewood, Oakcrest and even Beverly Hills High. They might not always wear trench coats and carry concealed guns and grenades. But the Columbine student mindset is definitely present. These upset Columbine-type youths are scarier than the obnoxious wise guys that daily defy teacher authority and they are more frightening than the student bullies that terrorize weaker peers and start brawls in the school cafeteria or hallways. The tacit behavior of Columbine-like students makes them a formidable challenge to school authority.Sure, high schools have peer mediation. The basic problem is that these Columbine-like students dont expect to communicate with representatives of standard academic school society. The sinister-minded teens often dont even communicate with each other. Thats what makes them walking and sitting time-bombs ready to detonate. They favour having an insular existence that does not want to be disturbed. They dont express themselves until its too late.The Columbine student mentality has a certain(a) behavioral profile. Thats right all you politically correct critics out there, I emphatically stated the improper word profile. The kids say little or nothing at all. They keep their feelings and thoughts mainly to themselves while sitt ing in their desks, often seething beneath cool external faades. Columbine-type kids seldom participate in classroom discussions or volunteer to do constructive things in school. To them athletics, school clubs and awards are not worth pursuing. Their rebellion is silent, stealthy, cold, cunning and calculated. Their ongoing rage is adroitly camouflaged they could erupt and explode at any minute. These kids, probably around five percent of any middle or high schools student body, are individual sticks of dynamite ready to be lit. Not even the students guidance counselors have any psychological handle on what these foxy youths are thinking, feeling or plotting.The Columbine-type kid often feels picked-on, frustrated, alienated and persecuted.

Gulf War :: essays research papers

The United States was just in sending host aid to Kuwait during the Persian Gulf War. Kuwait was invaded by ibn Talal ibn Talal Hussein Hussein and taken over in six short hours due to the lack of strength in Kuwaits Army. Once Hussein took chasteness he seized Kuwait City, airports, army barracks, and oil fields. This left Kuwait helpless and in desperate need. Therefore, the U.S. invaded after, Husseins control of Kuwait for six months.The U.S invaded for umpteen reasons Hussein was a threat and currently is to the Middle eastern hemisphere as well as the world. He was beginning to build up an arsenal of chemical, biological, and thermonuclear weapons, which are very deadly and even dangerous to the environment. If they are used, they leave harmful waste for many years such as radiation or hazardous chemicals. He was also dumping oil from Kuwait into the Persian Gulf because he couldnt sell it due to embargoes. This was an immediate threat to the environment. Hussein alone i s a very dangerous man and one of the missions of the war was to kill him. However, we were unsuccessful, and today he is a huge threat. Husseins control of Kuwait affected the U.S. economically. All of Kuwaits oil was in Husseins power and the U.S. was unable to trade with him because of sanctions. Therefore, oil based crossing prices raised 50 percent due to the lack of oil and a high demand for it. The U.S. was also giving financial aid to the Middle East to help drive out Hussein. These attempts were hopeless which gave the U.S. even more reason to send military aid into Persian Gulf.The final reason the U.S. sent military aid to the Persian Gulf was because of the lack of success of the UN. The UN made many resolutions and sanctions to drive Hussein out of Kuwait however, he was not moving and nix was happening. It took the U.S, to send in ground troops. Then other nations followed, and then Hussein was driven out. Although many nations helped by sending in ground troops, the U.

Porters Five Force Analysis for Paint Induatry

For a dominant paint manufacturing company which is spread allover India, topical anaesthetic players act as a very huge threat to them. With a small place for factory and an effective distribution system the local players whitethorn pose themselves a huge competition for these bailiwickized companies. As the local players do not mind tone of voice but sell products for cheap rates they ginger snap more attention of middle class people in India who are of majority. But if the major company has a huge brand name with quality product and some marketing gimmicks they can lure customers even if they have high prices.Power of suppliersAs said above the local players are more or less who started as suppliers for the big companies. As the required come up of raw material are more in preparation of paint if these suppliers gravel together and start making end products the pose themselves as huge threats.Power of buyersAs this being a competitive industry with multinational players, n ational players, local players the buyer has a lot of options to his disposal. Switching cost is also not high. The contractors and painters also play their role, as they will tend to buy from people who give them incentives. So the companies should always be on toes in retaining the existing buyers by some effective reward or marketing system.Availability of substitutesThe likeliness of availability of substitutes in this industry is less. But the varieties of products are more. This is where big players have an edge over local players. With different kinds of paints available in market to correct all kind you need huge factories but the local players will have a small unit which basically manufactures not mare accordingly a few variants.Competitive rivalryAs mentioned before the rivalry is very high with n number of makers in the market and n number of takers in the market. If the construction industry is on a downward slope then it affects this industry a great deal.

Bad debt

Bad debt is a serious financial problem affecting the United States. When people do not pay their debts, the sparing suffers because the banks, credit rating card companies, doctors, utility companies, and other businesses lose money. The same applies to when businesses fail to pay their financial obligations to other businesses. However, personal bad debt and corporate bad debt is viewed differently by the government (Bankruptcy FAQ for sm solely business. ) Corporate bad debt is easier to file bankruptcy upon than when a private person loses money.This seems to be simply because allowing corporations to do business honestly without curse of losing their personal financial security is an important ideal to keep the economy going. A comp any getting rid of their bad debt through bankruptcy all but destroys their ability to stay in business. Personal bad debt, however, is treated stricter because there atomic number 18 by appearance more controllable factors. People are expected t o feed their families and stay in a home without using credit and to not borrow more than they can afford.In addition, the companies and government likely idolize that if people who dont pay their bills can repeatedly file bankruptcy and keep everything they bought, there will be no incentive for them to do the right thing and live within their means. Those who honestly cannot pay their bills will not go to jail, but in the case of a business will likely lose their company and in a persons case lose any homes or other property owned (Bankruptcy Courts. ) Otherwise, the economy would be in even worse shape if people and businesses could just run up bills, decide not to pay them, and not have any additional financial consequences.The governments position seems to remain that businesses have a better right and need for credit to help the economy than undivided households, and this is unlikely to change anytime soon. References Bankruptcy Basics. (2006). Retrieved March 25, 2009 from U. S. Courts http//www. uscourts. gov/bankruptcycourts. html. Bankruptcy FAQ for small business. (2009). Retrieved March 25, 2009 from Bankruptcy in Brief http//www. moranlaw. net/business-bankruptcy-faqs. htm.

Rough Draft on Drug Wars

Rough Draft Thousands upon thousands of lives go through been taken due to the huge demand for drugs crossing from Mexico into the United States. The murder rate is exceedingly high, and has caused so much chaos between both countries because of this. Drug dealers in the United States contact drug dealers in Mexico, and vice versa, to cross the drugs between borders illeg every last(predicate)y. A high percentage of the time, either of the drug dealers from both sides will find a scape goat swim the border while carrying high amounts of drugs with them, or will attempt to cross it everyplace smuggled in a vehicle.In Mexico, it is extremely corrupt and even the law enforcement is involved in the crossing of drugs illegally. This organism d unmatched causes so much conflict between the two countries and its very scary for any genius living in the Mexico side of it, because wars will break appear over the drugs almost daily and many tidy sums lives end up being taken because of th is. Innocent people whoremaster be caught in between a gun fight and their lives are in extreme danger, which is an new(prenominal) reason why this drug war continues to go on.Many families try and fly the coop their country to come into the United States so their families do not have to live in danger, but if being caught trying to cross over illegally, thither are extremely harsh consequences. It is sad to know that millions of families have to live in fear and are too affright to leave their houses because they are scared of being caught in between one of the many gun fights that break out. There have been many cases where the Mexican Cartels will hire the elderly people of Mexico, and sometimes even children, to be their drug traffickers, putting them at extreme risk of being badly hurt, incarcerated, or even murdered.The Mexican Cartels believe that employ children or the elderly will make it look less likely to be any type of illegal activity, but in the mix of it all, th ey have had many of them hurt or in extreme trouble with the law. Drug wars are not only held between the United States and Mexico there are so many other places dealing with the same problem and that is why we need to raise awareness on the situation more than we already have. There have been many attempts in causing this fight to end, but it is too big of a fight for anyone to be able to get ahold of bothone causing this chaos.Any drug compact around the world could careless who gets ahold of their drugs as long as theyre making money, and they are putting our younger generations at risk of becoming given over to the drugs they are passing out to the world. Addiction is so high and the effects are incredibly bad. The effects of addiction could either be hereditary, or something one has seen throughout their lives causing them to do exactly as they had seen. There needs to be more educational programs out there to teach every one of the effects of addiction.The strong effects o f drug use affect your body and can eventually begin to start to deteriorate over time. Your brain, muscles, respiratory system, liver, and every part of your body will begin to deteriorate after long periods of using illegal substances. Drug use especially affects your brain and the way you put up your thoughts to flow. Drug users are very irresponsible and can only go on with their lives if they are getting high. It is a horrible thing to get into and can cause the one with the disease to not even be able to enjoy life anymore without feeling the effects of the drug they are abandoned to.The way I believe we should educate others on the causes and effects of addiction are to hold seminars and educate the younger children in grade school. People who are educated on the extreme effects of drug use might actually not get into them with proper education. Those who were never educated on the effects of drug use are most likely going to be the ones to fall victim of peer pressure and eventually get into drugs themselves. In other cases, it is hard to avoid and can be picked up as a child, seeing family members or other individuals doing drugs.We should educate everyone, as well as having no tolerance laws when it comes to hard drugs and giving longer sentences to those who are caught with the drugs, instead of letting them off on probation or parole. Many people would completely disagree with allowing marijuana to be legal, but if you think about it, it could eventually cause the drug violence to end around the world. Marijuana has the least effects out of all the drugs in the world, and although people take it to the extreme, it is honestly a harmless drug and should not be causing this many people to have their lives taken over it.

Differences Between Homogeneous Nucleation and Heterogeneous Nucleation

Newey and Weaver described nucleation as a process that must occur in a system, undergoing a word form transition, before the organisation of another phase (Royce). This process is called homogeneous nucleation if it occurs away from any boundaries. On the other hand, involved nucleation takes place on a surface, interface, flutter or other defect in the material. In addition, the latter quality is favored because it requires a crusheder free energy change to form the initial stable nub where others can adhere resulting an increase in size of it (cited in Royce).During nucleation, the atoms argon forming nano-sized solid clusters. In homogeneous nucleation, clustering occurs above the melting of the metal (Tm) turns back into the liquid state due to its stability on that phase while clustering below Tm can lead to vitreous silicalization-nuclei formation if its size reaches stability against melting (Iqbal 3). High solid-liquid interface surface energy is a thermodynamic h indrance in nucleation. Due to this energy barrier, foreign materials argon added to serve as nucleation sites. These nucleation sites have lower surface energy, thus, increases the nucleation rate.The stable nuclei then grow into an equiaxed and finer ingrain structure (Iqbal 3). Moreover, nucleation is a kinetic process wherein atoms of the limpid metal form into clusters within the liquid medium at solidification temperature (Iqbal 9). These clusters act as crystallization nuclei where other atoms adhere and solidify. The rate of nucleation process is promptly affected by the difference between the equilibrium melting temperature (Tm) and the freezing temperature (Tf) or undercooling. As a rule of thumb, a higher undercooling yields higher nucleation rate. Nucleation MechanismBen top hat discussed that mixtures of some metals, like grunter and nickel, both in liquid and solid states are highly soluble in all given concentration. Since both copper and nickel have similar crys tal structures and atomic radii, in the cooling process the particles formed have properties imparted by both of these metals. This metal mixture type is called isomorphous. In contrast to this, the mixture of lead and tin is eutectic because of partial solubility of these metals in the solid state. Unlike copper and nickel, lead and tin have divergent crystal structures and atomic radii.This is the reason why the solid lead-tin alloy can only consist of 2. 5% lead and 19. 2% tin their maximum piece by weight. In addition, a eutectic mixture has composition that completely liquefies at eutectic temperature. For lead-tin mixture, the eutectic composition is 61. 9% that has a eutectic temperature of 183C. This property makes lead-tin mixture as a correct soldering agent. Metals typically solidify as crystals at a temperature lower than its melting temperature (Best). The difference in melting and solidification temperatures is called as the maximum undercooling.This undercooling is the onus of pure metal crystallization. During the crystallization process, the nucleation of low-down particles or crystallization nuclei occurs first then the adherence of other particles on these nuclei follows. As such, other surrounding particles tip to dissolve it back into the liquid phase. Successful fusion into the crystal releases heat which causes other adjacent atoms to dissolve. This means that the high fusion of a metal reflects its style for a high solidification temperature and maximum undercooling (Best).The energy affects the dissolution process with respect to the surface area of the nucleus while energy variation favoring nucleus growth is a factor of volume proportion (Best). Surface area varies with the square of the radius, whereas volume varies with the cube of the radius. Thus, a large crystal is not temptable to surface dissolution. In addition, a metal at a specific temperature has a critical radius size. Radius bigger than the critical radius pass to increase in size while smaller radius is susceptible to dissolution.Nonetheless, lower temperature facilitates the attainment of the critical radius (Best). Further, crystallization may occur in less undercooling if a higher melting point metal with similar crystal structure to and insoluble at the melting temperature of the original metal is added (Best). The crystal growth around these insoluble nuclei is referred to as heterogeneous nucleation. In heterogeneous nucleation, specific sites in a material catalyze the nucleation process through the decline of the critical free energy of nucleation (?Gc) (Balluffi, Allen, and Carter 477).It is always in kinetic competition with homogeneous nucleation wherein the faster rate mechanism prevails. The lower value of ?Gc supports heterogeneous nucleation while the greater number of potential nucleation sites favors homogeneous nucleation. Moreover, by means of the nucleation rate expressed as J = Z c N exp-?Gc /(kT ), regimes of temper ature, supersaturation, relative interfacial energies, and microstructure in which one nucleation mechanism occurs can be predicted.When a small particle deposits on the grain boundaries, edges or corners of a polycrystalline microstructures such as grain boundaries, edges or corners, these crystal imperfections will be eliminated with an associated free-energy decrease lowering ?Gc (Balluffi, Allen, and Carter 477). Solidification in Metals The solidification of metals and their alloys starts when a welded small portion of metal melts and resolidifies (Phase Transformation). Homogeneous nucleation occurs when there are no other chemical species involved in a nucleation process.For instance when a pure liquid metal is slowly cooled below its equilibrium m freezing temperature to a sufficient degree numerous homogeneous nuclei are created by slow-moving atoms bonding together in a crystalline form. While the involvement of other chemical species to favor nucleation results to heterog eneous nucleation. Solidification is a all-important(a) stage in metallurgical processes such as in ingot casting, continuous casting, squeeze casting, pressure casting, atomization (Phanikumar and Chattopadhyay 25).This is also an important stage in secondary manufacturing processes such as welding, soldering, brazing, cladding and sintering. For the properties of the product largely depend on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of the different phases. The microstructure of the products on the other hand, is affected by thermal and solutal processing conditions and thermodynamic and kinetics factors of the materials (Phanikumar and Chattopadhyay 25). Solidification involves heat extraction through diffusion and convection processes, and solid-liquid interface movement.In addition, the microstructure solidification is a complex process affected by the rate of solidification (v), temperature gradient (G), composition (C) and kinetics factors such as phase equilibrium reactions, nucleation and growth, and crystallographic constraints (Phanikumar and Chattopadhyay 25). Solidification and Mechanical Properties Industrial treatments such as trilled or forging, alloying and thermal treatment are done to metals to specializationen their mechanical properties.For instance, pure aluminum has a tensile strength of around 13,000 pounds per square butt against (psi), however, by cold-working its strength is approximately doubled. This can also be done by adding alloying metals such as manganese, silicon, copper, magnesium and zinc. Similarly, heat treatment makes the tensile strength of aluminum over 100, 000 psi (Property Modification n. p. ). Plastic or permanent deformation of crystalline materials is largely affected by the tendency of disturbance within the material. Thus, restraining the dislocation movement improves its strength.This is done by controlling the grain size, strain hardening, and alloying ( fortify/ indurate Mechanisms). In the mat erial science engineering, a grain is a crystal with unsmooth faces due to the deferred growth in contact with a boundary (Solidification). The grain boundary is the interface between grains. Atoms in this region are disordered, hence, no crystalline structure. The different orientation of adjacent grains within the material, the boundary between grains hinders the dislocation movement and the resulting slip.The solidification rate controls the size and number of grains. Smaller grains denote shorter distances between atoms that can move in a slip plane, thus, improving the strength of the material (Strengthening/Hardening Mechanisms). The amelioration of metallic-looking strength is done through strain or work hardening or cold-working. In plastic deformation of metals, the movement of dislocations produces additional dislocations (Strengthening/Hardening Mechanisms). These dislocations interact, pin or tangle resulting to decline in dislocations movement and causes material stre ngthening.This strengthening is called as cold-working for the occurrence of plastic deformation is at low temperature which impedes atom movements. However, cold-working process reduces the ductility of metals. On the other hand, when the process is done at higher temperature, the atoms rearrange to improve material strength (Strengthening/Hardening Mechanisms). Since cold-working process reduces ductility, thermal or heat treatment is used to remove its effect. The strengthening gained through the cold-working will be lost if the strain hardened materials are exposed at higher temperatures.Recovery, re-crystallization, and grain growth may occur during the heat treatment (Strengthening/Hardening Mechanisms). Nucleation and Mechanical Properties The number of nucleation sites for the freezing metal affects the grain structure of the solid metal product. Few number of nucleation sites means smaller number of crystallization nuclei, hence, large-grain or coarse structure results. An increase in nucleation site numbers, on the other hand, yields fine-grain structure because a lot of crystallization nuclei are available for the dissolve phase attach and solidify.Fine grain structure is the just about desired product for strength and uniformity in metal production (Poster and Easterling 125). An ideal crystal has a perfect crystalline structure and characterized by a regular repetitive grillwork in any space direction. However, crystalline materials have crystallographic defects. Minor crystal defect may impart significant metallic properties. The conductivity of silicon, for instance, is doubled when it is contaminated with 10-8 percent mass of boron (Tisza 107).There are several properties that can be identified based on the ideal lattice structure such as thermal and electrical conductivities, and specific heat. These are called as structure-insensitive properties. However, there are structure-sensitive properties such as mechanical properties that are simpl y predicted on the basis of ideal crystal structure. The discrepancy between the ideal and real crystal structures result to the large differences in theoretical and experimental enumeration of properties (Tisza 107).

Life Limiting Illness Essay

surface-to-air missile (name changed to protect confidentiality) is a nine month old boy who was born at 26 weeks and diagnosed with chronic lung disease. He was send home on 0.3 litres (L) of group O per minute with the view of gradually weaning this down as he grew stronger. When I joined the community prevail visit Sam at home, he had been weaned down to 0.1L of oxygen per minute, so was now having his time on oxygen weaned down from continuous oxygen eventually to none. The community nurses follow the trusts nursing assessment guidelines which are based on The Twelve Activities of Daily Living (Roper et al, 1983). This model allows nurses to channelise and prioritise care effectively for each individual child (McQuaid et al, 1996). As Sam was recovering from chronic lung disease, his respiratory well-being was the main priority. During the weaning fulfill the community nurses conduct regular respiratory reviews to ensure Sam is coping with the lessening amount of oxygen.This assessment can begin as soon as the nurse enters the home. We were able to assess Sams work of breathing by looking at him and listening to him. He was not exhibiting any signs of respiratory distress such as nasal flaring, recession, grunting or wheezing, all of which would tell us he was making excessive respiratory effort (Huband and Trigg, 2000). It is essential to oversee oxygen saturations and vital signs in a respiratory review. The pulse oximeter is used to alert nurses to potential hypoxaemia. It does this by emitting red and infrared light from the sensor into the patient. Oxygenated and deoxygenated assembly line absorb different amounts of infrared light, so an average value can be calculated to show the percentage saturation (Huband and Trigg, 2000). The nurse ensured Sams foot was warm before attaching the probe to it, to determine if he had effective peripheral perfusion. This is important for obtaining an accurate reading.The nurse informed Sams parents that we wo uld be happy with Sam saturating above 95%. He was sitting around 99-100%, which was a great sign. His respiration rate was within limits at 41. Sam was before long having 8 hours off oxygen per day and this review showed he was coping well. The pulse oximeter also recorded his heart rate at 124 beats per minute, he was peripherally warm to the touch, and he was pink and perfused, so there were no concerns with his circulation. Sam is bottle fed on demand. He was gaining weight and his mum report he was feeding well 6-8 times a day. There were no concerns with his elimination as he passed urine and opened his bowels regularly.He had no score of pyrexia or hypothermia so it was not necessary to take his temperature. Sam lives at home with his mum and dad, the family appear happy and settled. Both parents seem to gestate bonded well with him. His mum is very good with him but is often keen to progress with Sam quicker than is aimd by healthcare professionals. For example when Sam was having 3 hours off oxygen a day, his mum had disclosed she left him off for 5 hours, although this was against advice given.The nurses role is to reinforce the advice given without losing the good relationship with parents. Working in partnership with parents in the community after their children have been discharged involves handing control back to them, but this must be fit with professional knowledge and expertise (Muller et al, 1992). Sams mother also had a tendency to compare his development with other babies of his age, forgetting to correct his age for his prematurity.The nurse reminded her that Sam was doing very well considering he was 3 months premature. As I was playing with Sam I found him to be very alert and receptive. He interacted well with me, smiling and giggling at stimulations. After conducting a thorough respiratory review and discussing Sams progress with his parents, the community nurse was able to advise them to advance him to 12 hours off oxygen a day. She informed Sams parents that another overnight sleep study would need to be conducted in the next few weeks, so the consultant would be able to confirm he was still coping well.Huband. S and Trigg. E (2000) Practices in Childrens treat Guidelines for Hospital and Community. Harcourt Publishers Limited. McQuaid. L, Huband. S, and Parker. E (1996) Childrens Nursing. Churchill Livingstone. Singapore. Muller. D, Harris. P, Wattley. L and Taylor. J (1992) Nursing Children Psychology, Research and Practice. Second Edition. Chapman and Hall. London. Roper. N, Logan. W and Tierney. N (1983) Using a Model for Nursing. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh.

Decision Making and Correct Answer

Caleb is late to his first meeting because his car broke down, and Calebs boss concludes that Caleb is not punctual when he first walks in. 4. It is important for managers to balance managerial authority and team member autonomy. Which Of the spare-time activity is true about a typical team? *b. Mangers have the latitude to make some decisions without consulting the 5. The major completion from the Cash studies was Groups have a signifi weedt baffle over individual members 6. Katherine project team is extremely cohesive it has become a norm to abet and agree with one another.Although Katherine disagrees with mom of the influential members in the group who have decided that they do not need to conduct interviews as part of their info collection, she doesnt question their decision. As a result, the group falls prey to *c. Grouping 7. Peter is working for a publishing company that works mainly on childrens gives. His team is working on a storyboard for a new book. One member sugge sts that it would be a good idea to introduce a childrens book on sexual education for the second grade level.Before Peter can say anything, one member excitedly starts to draft a story mend two others offer to work on harasser development, and a final member begins work on the cover art. This scenario is an example of *a. Group popularisation b. dual-lane information bias c. Confirmation bias d. Escalation of commitment 8. Fear of organism challenged for speaking up will most likely lead to a. Group popularization b. Overconfidence *c. Sh atomic number 18d information bias 9. Zoe is leading a sales team for a jewelry company. The group has attempted to open more stores in shopping malls, but what little stores they have opened have not been very profitable.Zoe decides to request a larger budget to pursue more blank shell in shopping malls. Zoe is demonstrating *a. Escalation of commitment d. Ingrown/outgrip bias 10. After taking this class, you know that the most effective lea ders a. Discourage degenerate opinions encourage deviant opinions c. Play the role of the objectiveated deviant d. When did we learn about deviants this semester? 1 1 . The orientation phase of group decision devising begins with a. Brainstorming as umpteen solutions to the problem as possible b. Critically evaluating and reflecting upon decisions *c. Clearly defining the problem d. Eating to know your team members 12. A professional NAB basketball has except retired from the game and decides o start a sports bar. The basketball players berth as a former NAB star is an example of a *b. Diffuse status characteristic 13. Which of the following is not one of the seven steps in Puffers (1992) model for applying power dynamics? A. Predict what individuals points of view are likely to be how will they feel about what they are trying to do? B. Determine what external power bases you will contend with which of them will have the most modulate in the decision? C.Determine which of th e various strategies and tactics for exercising power are most appropriate which are likely to be effective, given he website you confront? *d. None of the to a higher place 14. Who would be considered to have high status in an organization? A. An expert driller in an oil company b. A sales rep who is likeable and friendly c. A project manager who knows several people in other groups All of the to a higher place 15. Which of the following is not a benefit of having a deviant? *a. Deviants create conflict early, which accelerates team maturity and cohesion b. Deviants foster creativity and innovation by forcing multiple perspectives c.Deviants are the strongest emulation to Grouping d. All of the above are benefits of having a deviant 6. According to Malcolm Cald wellspring, people gain status by *c. High degree of likeability d. All Of the above 17. Harold is the guy that knows a guy. Whenever the team proposes to bring in a contractor or use outside help, Harold always comes t hrough with a contact. Harold is a a. esthesis Connector 18. Kelsey decides to use her Spring Break to help build houses in Southern Missouri. Unfortunately, she is the only one on her team that knows how to use a hammer. Kelsey could take up be described as *a. Maven 19.John is enthusiastic, optimistic, and well-liked by everyone on his team, asking him one of the most influential members. According to Malcolm Caldwell, author of The Tipping point, John derives his credibility from being *b. Salesperson 20. The author of the textbook gives a Top 1 0 list of hard lessons learned by working in teams. This list includes a. Be easy on people and tough on the problem b. Being trustworthy is a good thing c. Take your measure *d. All of the above 21 . The following is an example of personalization We need a budget for the project by tomorrow or else we will cancel the project altogether. A. True *b. sour 22. Lisa does not get the promotion she wanted. She concludes that her boss doesn t like her and is probably still is upset that she accidentally spilled coffee on him two weeks. The following is an example of some(prenominal) personalization and mind reading. *a. True b. False 23. Grouping is a collaborative group decision reservation effort that has become popular in recent eld as a valuable decision making tool. 24. Shared information bias is a common occurrence in teams where members fear challenged or being challenged in their perspectives. True 25.The Orientation phase of decision making involves brainstorming and proposing solutions to a given problem. 6. An example of an objective of the Discussion phase of decision making would be to critique the accuracy of and evidence for ones conclusions. 27. Carl Jung defines introverts as people whose personalities lend them to spending more time alone or with small groups. False 28. Systems opinion encourages group members to resist reductionism views of problem solving in order to avoid short-sighted solution s and unintended consequences. 29. The Decision Rule phase is lots when roles and tasks are assigned. 0. Diffuse status characteristics have little to do with the task at hand and so hey are generally ignored when judging or perceiving group members. 31 . What is central Attribution Error? What are three common mistakes (aka cognitive distortions) made when receiving and responding to messages, as identified by Beck (1995), that are associated with Fundamental Attribution Error? (Note that these are different than Grouping, overconfidence, etc. ). For one of the three, give an example. Correct Answer Varies 32. Describe the Functional Model of Decision Making.Pick two of the steps in the decision making process and describe how leaving them out might negatively affect a decision. 3. Give a personal or historical example of a decision making process gone wrong. Use your knowledge of either the Functional Model of Decision Making or the Ladder of Inference, as well as your knowledge of common decision making problems. Chi 1 . While growing up there are many external factors that influence the creative potential of an individual. During the adolescent and young years there is one specific factor that plays a key role in nurturing the development of creativity.This ride fosters creativity through providing knowledge, resources, and encouragement to an individual. What is this force? *a. Mentoring 2. Tyler is working math problems for his calculus class. Which type of problem will most likely involve divergent archetype? A. Arithmetic problem b. Drawing a graph c. Algebra problem *d. All of the above are examples of convergent thought 3. Elliot works for a large supermarket. He receives an email from Mark, the UP of Marketing. The UP wants Elliot to design a new store layout that will encourage customers to see more of the store, and so purchase more. Mark wants the design by next week.In order to accomplish his task, Elliot should *d. Think elaborately 4. Whic h of the following is true concerning creative people? *d. Their creativity is often limited to one welkin 5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a creative person? *b. Acceptance of Norms 6. Which of the following is not one of the group processes that reduces the effectiveness of brainstorming? *a. veto morning 7. In which career would convergent thought be used more commonly than divergent thought? *b. Accounting 8. At Google, employees are often given a large portion of the day to work independently on any projects that they choose.What character trait is Google trying to encourage in its employees? *b. inseparable Motivation 9. Amblers (1985, 1990) poem experiment found that *c. Extrinsic prompts have a negative effect on creativity 10. Sentimentally (1 988 1 990) posits that creativity can be understood within three subsystems *d. Person, domain, field 1 1 How could the difference between a field and domain be most aptly described? A domain is a area of exper tise while a field is a group of people who define excellence for that realm 12. Which social influence has the most impact on an individuals creativity ring adolescence and young adulthood? D. Mentors 13. Generally speaking, what is the most significant social influence on the development of creativity? *a. Parents 14. Which of the following social influences is best known for having both a positive and negative influence on creative development? *a. reading 15. Which of the following statements is true concerning creative influence? *d. Mentor figures are especially important in adolescence and young adulthood, but colleagues are the primary influences in adulthood. 16. organizational creativity under the conditions that *a. Creative ideas should be supported, but also critiqued and evaluated 17.Each was a group leader in a project last semester, and it was very time consuming and taxing on him. This semester he has yet another group project to do. He notices that Nicole is on h is team. She was also in his class last semester and he remembers her as Very proactive and hard-working. He determines that he will sit this one out and delegate most of his work to Nicole. Each is demonstrating Social Loafing 18. Which of the following is not true of creative people? *c. Creative people are limited inasmuch as they are restrained by social invention 19.

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Born September5, 1888Died April17, 1975Achievements First Vice president and second prexy of India. Placed Indian philosophy on world map. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was first Vice President of India and second President of India. He was also a philosopher and introduced the thinking of western idealist philosophers into Indian thought. He was a famous teacher and his birthday is celebrated as Teachers Day in India. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was born on September 5, 1888 at Tartani, Madras in a poor brahmin family.As his father was poor Radhakrishnan supported most of his education through scholarships.Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan had his early education at Gowdie School, Tiruvallur and then went to the Lutheran Mission School in Tirupati for his superior school. He joined the Voorheess College in Vellore and later switched to the Madras Christian College. He chose Philosophy as his major subject and did his B. A. and M. A. in it. After completing his M. A. , Sarvepalli Radhakrishn an, accepted an Assistant Lectureship at the Madras Presidency College in 1909.In college, he mastered the classics of Hindu philosophy, namely the Upanishads, Bhagvad Gita, Brahma sutra, and commentaries of Sankara, Ramunuja and Madhava.He also acquainted himself with Buddhist and Jain philosophy and philosophies of Western thinkers such as Plato, Plotinus, Kant, Bradley, and Bergson. In 1918, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was selected as Professor of Philosophy by the University of Mysore. In 1921, Radhakrishnan was nominated as Professor of Philosophy at the Calcutta University, 1921. In 1923, Dr. Radhakrishnans book Indian Philosophy was published.The book was hailed as a philosophical classic and a literary masterpiece. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was called to Oxford University, to deliver lectures on Hindu philosophy.He utilize his lectures as a platform to further Indias cause for freedom. He also argued that Western philosophers, despite all claims to objectivity, were biased by theological influences from their wider culture. He showed that Indian philosophy, once translated into standard academic jargon, is worthy of being called philosophy by Western standards.He thus placed Indian Philosophy on world map. In 1931, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was elected Vice Chancellor of the Andhra University. In 1939, Radhakrishnan became the Vice Chancellor of the Benaras Hindu University. In 1946, he was appointed as Ambassador to UNESCO.After Independence Dr. Radhakrishnan was pass along to Chair the University Education Commission in 1948. The Radhakrishnan Committees suggestions helped mould the education system for Indias needs. In 1949, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was appointed ambassador to the Soviet Union.He helped laid the foundation for a severe relationship with Soviet Union. Radhakrishnan was elected first Vice-President of India in 1952.He was honored with the Bharat Ratna in 1954. After serving two terms as Vice-President, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was elected President of India in 1962. During his tenure as President India fought wars with China and Pakistan. As President he helped see India through those trying years safely. He retired as President in 1967 and settled in Madras. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan died on April 17, 1975.

Elizabeth Bishop and Her Poems Essay

Elizabeth Bishop was non just a guileless poet for me during her time. Her family background contributes to her life and career in a portentous manifestation. Because she was non raised by her profess parents, she used to perceive things in a broader knowledge accepting everything that she has despite of her parents incapability of nurturing and loving her as she grows up. This is what I interchangeable about Bishop. Despite of her shortcomings and emptiness in some part of her being, she tried to fulfill break dance in her lifetime that gave her different achievements and recognitions in the literary world.Her life during her childhood when she used to go to different relatives because her father died while her mother was hospitalized taught her how to adjust to different people and knowing them at the equivalent time. She knew that her relatives especially her aunt loves her so much, more than what she expected but she still seek for the love of her parents. For the soil that she could non obtain the love that she wanted, she makes herself busy to some(prenominal) things that she thought would help her to become a better person even if her parents are not around her.The way she was not raised by her protest parents and could not able to give her the strength in everything she does manifests during her college days when she could not pursue her dreams in euphony for she is afraid to face the crowd. Through writing, she found herself successful behind her narrators or characters in her verses. In writing, she was not afraid to face her readers for she would just write and let her readers feel her through her poems.As a reader, I can probably say that I can feel her personality because of the way on how she attacked her poems during her send of views and the way she related fiction to reality is the almost considerable things why I admired her. divagation from the fact that I wantd her because she is a woman like me, I ca relate to many thing s that happened to her like losing her parents at an early age. I also love the way she writes her poems. As she focused most of her poems on nature, she illustrates the reality inwardly it.Through reading her poems, we can see how much our modern stay and nature have changed from then to now. In this case, we could be able to relate what the history tells us and how would these aspects tell apart to our modern world. It is an eventful point of attack because the readers would have the power to describe the past and acknowledge it in the present situation of the society and nature. The most significant poems that are close to my heart are Bishops poems entitled The Map and Florida. As I read these two poems, it reminds me of many things in life.It gives me the knowledge on how to perceive life in a positive way despite of all the odds within my journey. Because I know that life is a never-ending journey and responsibility, I have learned how to dispatch each day as one step as a time to what I believed and my theatrical role in living. Critical Essay Elizabeth Bishops poem entitled The Map is about the description of the variation between the historian and map-makers in terms of their way of tracking the geographical event and scenario between the sum and the West.The pen describes profoundly the setting where beautiful things emerge. There are no negativities within the poem. Everything tone of voices good. That is why as the readers read this poem they would feel the goodness of history and reality at the same time. The author showed and set forth abundant images and elements to show the life of the poem. Even if there are some disputes between the historians and the map-makers, the author did not show the negativities within it. As an irony of the poem, she used positive images and elements to show the problem within it.It was like the character of the author. Bishop can be said as the narrator of her poems. Even if she felt bad, she would hide i t in front of many people showing the good things within her while she hides the dilemmas in her life. Another significant thing that we need to consider in this poem is the femininity of the poem. The author used feminine images and elements that showed the sum total of being a woman. Some of the images that exist in this poem are lovely bays, peninsulas, yard-goods, and glass.Lovely bays hint beauty and keenness, peninsulas signifies curve or silhouette of a woman, yard-goods signifies femininity, and glass signifies fragility of a woman. These images can be seen as a formation of a woman as men define them whom to be the historians and map-makers. It government agency that men created women as what the bible showed that women came from the piece of men through the conception of Even from Adam. Like the poem The Map the poem entitled Florida is a free-verse poem or much of the acknowledgement as prose-poetry.The author did not use rhyming or syllabication schemes in her poems. She used free-verse without limitation of the rhymes and syllables. It shows that Bishop did not like limitations. She makes sure that she maximized all the opportunities that he has whether in personal or career aspect of his life. When it comes to her poems, he did not limit herself to many things because she wants to show everything that is within her reach. Bishops poems show that she loves nature as its best. She perceives nature an important tool in her writings.In the poem Florida, it was just as simple description of the setting of Florida if we look at the literal attack of the author. She illustrates the characteristic and nature of Florida. She did not incorporate any human positioning in this poem. Everything is meant for natures purpose and is not from man-made signification. Bishop is also open to many cultures in her poem. She described different images and elements that came from different cultures such as China and India. It means that she is not a differentiator in this aspect because as what we see in her chosen culture, which is China and India.Both of these came from Asia. Asia are know from different kinds of discriminations whether in language or in color. However, as what we see in her poem, she used these cultures as incorporation of the culture of Florida. Because the poem is free-flowing, the concepts and ideas are also free-flowing. It incorporates different kinds of ideologies that set the positive mood of the poem yearning for good realization and judgment of living in Florida. References Bishop, E. The Map Bishop, E. Florida

Chateau Lafite Rothschild (China) Essay

Situation in ChinaChina is atomic number 53 of the most important merchandises in the world, and with a growth of the Chinese economy in the past decades it has encouraged global suppliercompaniess to enter the Chinese market.Living standards as head as purchasing queen parity consider improved since the countries openness to a market-oriented economy. referable to this openness foreign companies gift attracted the consumption of booze from the middle-class, generating an augment in the last years of wine-colored-coloured sales. Wine consumption continues to grow at a quick rate in the untaught.The Chinese wine market is a complicated out-of-pocket to its numerous wine producers (local anesthetic producers) and wine companies submission china to exploit the wine market. China as the most populated country in the world is a commercial paradise for all the enterprises wanting to expand to new markets. By the gain in market share by the introduction of new products to the Chinese market, foreign companies play advantage of a growing market.In the last years the French wine companies have been export to china expecting to gain market share in the wine sector taking advantage of one of the worlds fastest growing economy. For French wine export companies, it is important to understand the market, due to the Chinese wine companies and local wine merchandise and how they have been gaining ground in the wine market.Due to the countries emerging economy and the growth in economical aspects the population in china have been entering a new era of consumption of foreign products, and due to this reasons most foreign companies have furbish up up subsidiaries or the most common joint ventures with other Chinese companies to enter the countrys market and gain some ground on the major cities.One of the most important and emerging sectors in the Chinese society are the luxurious products. After the purchasing power of the individuals, luxurious products have acquired more interest and represent an improvement in status of the Chinese population either local or international status. The wine sector represents an important sector for upcoming expenditures for the Chinese population, although the purchase of wine is more business oriented than for personal consumption. The preferred wines for this type of consumption are the high-end French wines (Bordeaux and Burgundy).The market situation is very open nowadays due to the facility of the Chinese consumers o access wines trade from major foreign producing countries as well as local produced wines (France, Italy, USA, Chile and Australia).To have great conquest in the Chinese wine market the companies have to apply a strong market packaging compared to the local mass promotions by Chinese producers. The foreign brands have to apply a strong marketing promotion, but due to lack of resources the advertisements from foreign companies has a limited reach.To improve the image of foreign wine brands, foreign companies must intensify their promotions and advertisements, generate a consumer education by creating events, wine demonstrations and wine-food events, as well as lowering the prices to accommodate them to the populations purchasing power (different levels of purchasing power).STRENGHTS Luxurious and high-end wine. famous person wine company oer the world. French presence and popularity in the wine market. Bordeaux and Burgundy wines considered one of the best wines in the world.WEAKNESES Weak marketing. High product prices.OPORTUNITIES Fastest growing market in the world. 20% growth from 2006-2011 and with a forecasted growth of 54% for 2015. Most populated country in the world. Economy has been growing at over twice the worlds average, generating future markets for imported products. Wine market in china is anticipate to continue its growth, placing itself in 4th place in the worlds markets. Elevated purchasing power from the Chinese consumers. Accelerated incr ease in consumption.THREATS Corruption and smuggling from the neighboring countries. Chinese wine producers awakening. Chinese wine companies have gained the majority of market share in the country. Growth of chinas vineyards has surpassed the production from three countries combined (Australia, Chile and South Africa).

Comparision/ Anthem for Doomed Youth and Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay

l wiz(prenominal) three poems are or so the First World War further peace has a super patriotic candidate and displays a positive feeling about fight whereas hymn and Dulce concentrate more on the fact that people were killed for no particular reason and they also look at the confessedly horrors of war. I will mainly be looking at the content and form of the three poems and compare them to each other.Anthem and Dulce two acquaint Owens bitterness and choler towards the war and this is shown by the premier(prenominal) few origins of both poems, in Dulce beggars(L.1) and Hags(L.2), he ingestions these words to describe the sol faintrs and in Anthem die(L.1) and anger(L.2) are utilise. Brook however feels that in Peace the world is asleep and dirty without war and only war can cleanse us and wake our youth, which shows that he has a very diametrical view towards war.The fact that Dulce is written in a narrative form and is a real life fit make it more convincing and persuasive. It has much more informal voice communication than the other two and the language is hard hitting and effective. Peaces language is more formal and it seems to flow like a speech, with a build up to a dramatic end. Anthem has been written in a behavior in which you have to solve a riddle in order to find out what is macrocosm said.Anthem has the same effect as Dulce in the way that both poems start. They both start of by describing the s overageiers conditions. Anthem does this by using a simile and personification, comparing the dead soldiers to cattle What passing bells for those who die as cattle? this shows the reader that the soldiers are being thrown in one big arduous like cattle.In Anthem the word holy(L.11) suggests that there is some relationship to religion. thither have also been more religious ideas brought up in the poem such as Prayers (L.5) and choirs(L.6/7). This has been used to emphasise the fact that there has been no real funeral for the dead so ldiers and despite that, they should still be remembered. Dulce and Peace do not have anything really connected to religion but in the first line of Peace there is a connection to religion when it says Now god be thanked who has matched us with his mo.Anthem and Peace are sonnets unlike Dulce. Anthems starts of with a quicker pace. It has like all sonnets 14 lines and is split up up into two verses one with 8 lines and the other 6, it has unusual rhyming pattern whereas Dulce and Peace both have rhyming words at the end of every other line.Dulce is a poem about a company of hands in the war. The men do not have human descriptions but seemed to be describes as though they have aged in this war bent double, like old beggars(L.1). Everyone seems to be in a trance Men marched asleep(L.5), there is no conversation, just a slow silent march. When the gas attack occurs the men seem to spring back to life. But one man cannot get his mask on his face and runs through the green sea of gas, he was drowning(L.14), which take in up a similarity between Dulce and Peace that they both have a use of water. In Dulce they are drowning but you cannot drown in gas, you suffocate, so the gas here is being described as a sea of gas. In Peace the water reference is to turn, as swimmers into cleanliness leaping(L.4), which gives you the idea of men diving into water and sighing a breath of relief as they feel their crimes and sins lifted.Dulce and Anthem both portray the horrors of war by using different styles, whereas Peace looks at war in a different way from which people can benefit. Dulce and Anthem use different styles in portraying the horrors of war. I commemorate that Dulce is more effective and dramatic because it shows the death of an innocent soldier, who was suffering to save others. The personal feel that is created in Dulce is that it is written in narrative form and using real-life encounter makes the reader understand the soldiers involved make it effective an d persuades the reader to believe war is horrific. Anthem on the other hand concentrates more on the consequences of war and how soldiers are neglected when they are dead. Even though the poem is not set in a scene from the war and not much description of killings and violence is present, it is effective due to the use of real, physical objects such as rifles and the heavily descriptive words used to describe the action in the poem.Because of the fact that Dulce is written in narrative form allows the reader to visualise exactly what the conditions of the soldiers were like. In Anthem Owen has deliberately distanced himself from the poem, giving a descriptive account, not a narrative, but more of an unrealistic viewpoint. In Peace Brookes argues that war is a good thing, and needed for life to continue.Overall all 3 poems punctuate to give the reader an insight to war, Dulce and Anthem trying to convince the reader of the dreadfulness of war, whereas Peace is verbalize war is good . But Dulce is doing this in the most effective way this may be because Owen has experience of war unlike Brookes.

An Evaluation of the Factors Affecting the Online Shopping

Abstract Online shop has grown apace in chin certain over the last decade, yet there are only a a couple of(prenominal) studies in Chinese context. This research focuses on B2C (Business to Customer) and C2C (Customer to Customer) to identify the factors that affect online shop invention of consumers in two positive and ban aspects. However, there are well-nigh differences exist that determine online shop function among incompatible countries.As a result, this essay evaluates the determinants of online obtain intention of Chinese consumers by comparing consumers in early(a) countries, which entrust give an insight for online sellers to develop more competitive st arraygies in mainland china. Contents Abstract Introduction1 Literature small review3 1. spherical consumers6 1. 1 Main factors price, convenience and seeks6 1. 2 Additional factors7 2. Chinese consumers8 2. 1 Main factors flavor, delivery and salary security8 2. 2 Additional factors well-disposed influ ence9 Conclusion11 Bibliography14 IntroductionThere are a increment number of people choosing online obtain and this growing turn off has emerged all over the world over the last few decades. Online shop is defined as The act of purchasing products or run over the Inter realise (Business dictionary, 2012). Similarly, iResearch (2011) defines it as The process of transferring commodities or services from the merchant/seller to individual users (consumers) via the mesh. Such a process is called online obtain if any of its capital flow, logistics, or information flow involves the network. Benefiting from the rapid economic growth and the development of the Internet, online obtain has become increasingly universal in mainland China. The amount of transactions in online shop, accounts for 1. 1% in 2008 rising to 3. 3% in 2010 of Chinas total retail sales of consumer goods (CNNIC, 2011). Moreover, the latest report illustrates that up to December 2012, the number of net citizens in China reached 513 million, of which online shoppers are 194 million and the figure has kept a bulletproof development trend with an increase of 20. % compared to the end of 2011 (CNNIC, 2012). It can be seen that online shopping in China has sired a blue growth and demonstrates a great potential when compared to mature online shopping markets, such as the USA, UK and Japan. However, the development of Chinas online shopping has encountered some obstacles, such as the limitations found within delivery and payment systems (Liu, He, Gao, & Xie, 2008, p. 925 & p. 932).Moreover, near research into online shopping has focused on western countries, but very little research has been through in the Chinese context (Kau, Tang, & Ghose, 2003, p. 140 Liu, et al. , 2008, p. 921 So, Wong, & Sculli, 2005, p. 1225). Therefore, in order to reach its potential and to maintain the steady growth tendency of online shopping market in China, it is substantial to attempt to comprehend the issues i nfluencing the online purchase intentions of Chinese consumers.Thus, the purpose of this wallpaper is to identify and evaluate factors that signify the differences between online purchase intentions of Chinese and global online shoppers. This paper is structured as follows. The next section reviews the related literature ab let on the issues relating to online shopping. Section 1 leave identify which factors are prominent or auxiliary and may affect online shopping intention of global consumers temporary hookup section 2 will compare Chinese consumers with global consumers and evaluate the significance of the differences.Literature Review The e-commerce industry has developed rapidly worldwide over the last few decades including the online shopping market in China which has experienced steady growth. Much research has tried to identify what the factors are and how they affect the online shopping purchase intention however, a large proportion of these studies have been concerned about the West while only a few studies have focused on Chinese online shoppers and take into account the heathenceish impact (Kau, et al. , 2003, p. 140 Liu, et al. , 2008, p. 21 So, et al. , 2005, p. 1225). To allow the reader to better understand the factors modify online shopping intention in China, this section will offer academic research reviews regarding this subject, including different theories, influential factors, and concerns relating to cultural differences. Since online shopping has become more popular, it has attracted widespread attention. Different models and theories have been adopted by some(prenominal) researchers to identify and go out the factors affecting online shopping intention or behaviors. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Technology Acceptance form (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) have been frequently used (So, et al. , 2005, pp. 1226-1228). Chiu, Chang, Cheng and Fang (2009, p. 761) extended TAM by introducing e-service fee l dimensions, trust and enjoyment in the development of a theoretical model to study customers repurchase intentions of online shopping. Similarly, Liao and Shi (2009, p. 5) conducted the related research which is also based on the TAM framework, but combined it with environmental and social constructs to elucidate consumers attitude and behavioural intention to use e-retailing. A number of studies have extensively discussed the factors influencing online shopping intention over many years. Convenience, price savings, extensive information, enjoyment, and broad product selection are considered as major benefits of online shopping (Fang, Chiu, & Wang, 2011 cited Childers et al. , 2001, p. 82). In addition, another research (Liao & Shi, 2009, p. 28) reveals that social influence, such as online consumer reviews or treatment of mouth play a significant role in affecting individual behavioural intention to shop online, which is consistent with the result of the research done by Chung a nd Shin (2010, p. 473) and Lee, Park and Han (2011, p. 187-188). Moreover, many researchers elicit that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of shopping through the Internet are primal antecedents of intentions (Chiu, et al. 2009, p. 763 Fang, et al. , 2011, p. 486 So, et al. , 2005, p. 1238). Even though online shopping brings some benefits to consumers which attract them to shop online, some factors have a negative effect on consumers purchase finish. For example, poor quality products and underdeveloped payment system in particular, many researchers demonstrate that trust is a vital factor for online consumers to make purchase decisions. Xu, Zou and Wang (2006, p. 202) also point out that trust is considered to be the most burning(prenominal) factor.In contrast, an earlier study suggests that in some countries the most important factor is price while trust is not as important as price (Kim, Xu, & Gupta, 2011 cited in Reibstein, 2002, p. 8). Recently, some researcher s have started paying more attention to the Chinese online shopping market and some comparative studies have been conducted in the context of online shopping in China due to the fast development of the Internet and rapid growth sales in online shopping. Areas covered include China and Japan (Atchariyachanvanich & Okada, 2006) and China and the States (Ou, Sia, & Banerjee, 2007).It has been demonstrated that the differences between consumers in China and those in other countries, and namely issues dealing with product quality, logistic pedestal, payment systems and social influence. This section has reviewed literature about the major theories used in research and some factors that research has suggested including the difference between China and other countries. In the following sections, this research will branch and evaluate the dynamic factors and related issues regarding consumers online shopping intentions by comparing China to some other countries. . world(a) consumers With the increasing intensified competition in online shopping, it is more essential than ever for online retailers to understand the factors affecting consumers intention in online shopping, which is critical to success. Therefore, a number of studies focusing on influential factors of online shopping appear in many published conference proceedings and journals. This section will categorize the issues influencing global consumers online shopping intentions. 1. 1 Main factors price, convenience and run a risksThere are some factors which attract consumers to favor online shopping. Firstly, price has long been considered as a significant predictor when customer making a decision and e-commerce allows consumers to compare the prices across different online shops to square up out the cheapest product easily (Kim, et al. , 2011, P. 1). Moreover, compared to conventional retail shops, internet-based shops have a cost advantage as a result, they are able to offer their products at a cheap er price than are available in traditional shops (Atchariyachanvanich & Okada, 2006, p. 281 Liao & Shi, 2009, p. 27). Secondly, many researchers also point out that as well as price the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are important factors to attract consumers to engage in online shopping (Chiu, et al. , 2009, p. 763 Fang, et al. , 2011, p. 486 So, et al. , 2005, p. 1238). For example, online shopping provides the opportunity for consumers to easily locate shops and products, especially convenient for target-oriented consumers who have already decided what they fatality to buy. (Fang, et al. , 2011, p. 485).On the other hand, even though online shopping brings some benefits and attracts some consumers, there are those that are aware of the risks involved and so this may lead to them rejecting it. Kau, Tang and Ghose (2003, p. 141) argue that those risks include lack of security, the possibility of impute entry notification fraud, uncertainty about the quality of p roducts, and return issues when the products are failed to meet consumers expectation. Moreover, due to the distances involved with online shopping and the fact that consumers are unable to touch or see the products seems to be an inherent perception of risk in shopping online (Kim, et al. 2011, p. 1 Kuhlmeier & Knight, 2005, p. 463). 1. 2 Additional factors Apart from the major factors mentioned above, some additional factors influence the intention of online shopping as well. First of all, the amount of availability of extensive information and choices in online shops which the traditional bloodlines are unable to compete with. Therefore, the options of products available in conjunction with the very latest information creation available are a relatively important attractant to online shopping over the traditional retail store (So, Wong and Sculli, 2005, p. 235). In addition, some other influential factors were identified by Kau, Tang and Ghose (2003, p. 140), Atchariyachanvanic h and Okada (2006, p. 2281) , and Fang, Chiu and Wang (2011, p. 482), such as eon saving, time flexibility, real-time marketing offers, sharing other online customer reviews and enjoyment. Furthermore, Kuhlmeier and Knight (2005, p. 463) suggest that the more experience of using internet the more likelihood of the consumer to become an online shopper. 2. Chinese consumersSince neither can the existing cognition of Chinese consumers behaviour on traditional shopping nor the reported findings about online shopping in other countries can be directly applied to the online shopping market in China therefore, marketing strategies gather up to be tailored to the specific market (So, et al. , 2005, p. 1225). This section will highlighting and address any differing issues influencing online shopping intention of Chinese consumers by conducting a comparison between Chinese consumers and consumers in other countries. 2. 1 Main factors quality, delivery and payment security Liu, He, Gao and Xie (2008, p. 31) state that Chinese people are quite an susceptible to price and like negotiating with sellers to achieve a satisfactory deal. Similarly, Atchariyachanvanich and Okada (2006, p. 2283-2285) believe that the main reason why Japanese and Chinese consumers shop online is for cheaper price however, they add that cheaper price is not the most important reason affecting Chinese consumers online purchase intention, Chinese consumers rank the security of the website and the ability to read forward customers reviews at the top. It seems to highlight Chinese online shoppers uncertainty whether the products they buy re genuine and have good quality or not. Beside quality of products, delivery as another essential factor was concerned by Chinese consumers. Just as CNNIC (2012) shows in the 29th report that delivery is one of the main aspects causing consumer dis merriment of online shopping more specifically, 12. 3%, 5% and 3. 6% of Chinese consumers were not satisfied due to delayed delivery, lost or disgraced products and bad attitude of delivery staff respectively. As a matter of fact, Chinese logistic infrastructure lags behind some countries particularly in terms of limited choices of delivery companies and long delivery time.In contrast, the US has a mature and efficient distribution network supporting online shopping, because outsourced third parties can provide professional person services, such as FedEx, UPS, DHL, etc. (Ou, et al. , 2007, p. 23). Research carried out by Xu, Zou and Wang (2006, p. 206) shows that online payment security is the most important factor which should be strengthened by e-commerce companies because online shoppers pay more attention to it. Additionally, unsound credit card payment system is more likely to cause financial risk and privacy leakage.In the US, using credit card is the most popular way to pay for online shopping, while in China is still money payment due to the cash-based culture and immature credit card payment system (Ou, et al. , 2007, pp. 21-22). This results from the immature Internet technology which to a large extent impedes the development of online payment system in China. Consequently, the financial risk might be caused by underdevelopment online payment system, which is a significant reason leading to a decision to reject online shopping (Zhou, Dai, & Zhang, 2007, pp. 49 & 55). 2. 2 Additional factors social influenceBased on Hofstedes cultural model, online consumer behaviour can be predicted by five cultural difference dimensions, one of them is individualism collectivism, for instance, America and rude(a) Zealand belong to individualism while China belongs to collectivism. This, in turn, has led to different online shopping behaviour among consumers be to Eastern and Western cultures (Zhou, et al. , 2007, p. 46). Several studies have revealed that people from a collectivist culture should be more easily influenced by people within their social circles (Liao & Shi, 2 009, p. 5). Consequently, social influence should not be neglected in the context of online shopping in China. On the one hand, human interaction cannot be in full satisfied in Internet-based shopping therefore, it may not be easily accepted by Chinese which are more likely to enjoy interacting with others when shopping (So, et al. , 2005, p. 1237). In addition, it is very common in China that one tends to follow if friends or relatives are interested in online shopping (Liao & Shi, 2009, p. 27).Furthermore, online consumer reviews or electronic account book of mouth as a specific way of social influence in the context of online shopping plays an important role in affecting online consumers to make purchase decision (Chung & Shin, 2010, p. 473 Lee, et al. , 2011, p. 188). It seems that social influence is an immensity factor affecting online shopping intention of Chinese consumers. Conclusion This project reviewed literature regarding online shopping issues firstly. It then clas sified some main factors and additional factors which influence global consumers to choose or not choose Internet-based shopping.Specifically, cheaper price and convenience of online shopping have positive effect in affecting global consumers online shopping intentions however, some risks in terms of products, financial and private information are likely to cause the rejection of online shopping. Finally, it acknowledge and assessed the divergent issues affecting Chinese consumers online shopping intention with a comparative approach. Chinese consumers are quite different to global ones due to culture difference and deficiencies within payment and delivery sytems.For example, perheaps because of the high rate of counterfeit and inferior products, Chinese online shoppers pay more attention to the product quality than price. Moreover, in China the logistic infrastructure and payment system are less developed and less mature than in other developed countries and this brings greater fe ar to Chinese consumers to conduct online shopping. Additionally, social influence and associated information from previous consumers who express their opinions online about products and sellers are essential for the Chinese online consumers.As noted above, online shop retailers should not simply bear the existing knowledge about global online consumers to Chinese online shoppers, cultural differences must be taken into account, which is critical to their success and will benefit the development of online shopping market in China. (Words 2507) Bibliography Atchariyachanvanich, K. , & Okada, H. (2006, 17-20 December 2006). A plain on Factors Affecting the Purchasing Process of Online Shopping A Survey in China & Japan. composing presented at the the 7th Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering and Management Systems Conference, Bangkok, Thailand.Chiu, C. M. , Chang, C. C. , Cheng, H. L. , & Fang, Y. H. (2009). Determinants of customer repurchase intention in online shopping. Online Inf ormation Review, 33(4), 761-784. Chung, K. H. , & Shin, J. I. (2010). The antecedents and consequents of relationship quality in internet shopping. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 22(4), 473-491. Fang, Y. H. , Chiu, C. M. , & Wang, E. T. G. (2011). Understanding customerssatisfaction and repurchase intentions An integration of IS success model, trust and justice. Internet Research, 21(4), 479-503. Kau, A. K. , Tang, Y. C.E. , & Ghose, S. (2003). Typology of online shoppers. Jouranal of Consumer Marketing, 20(2), 139-156. Kim, H. -W. , Xu, Y. J. , & Gupta, S. (2011). Which is more important in Internet shopping, perceived price or trust? electronic Commerce Research and Applications. Kuhlmeier, D. , & Knight, G. (2005). Antecedents to internet-based purchasing a multinational study. planetary Marketing Review, 22(4), 460-473. Lee, J. , Park, D. H. , & Han, I. (2011). The different effects of online consumer reviews on consumerspurchase intentions depending on trust in online shopping malls.Internet Research, 21(2), 187-206. Liao, Z. Q. , & Shi, X. P. (2009). Consumer perceptions of internet-based e-retailing an semiempirical research in Hong Kong. Journal of Services Marketing, 23(1), 24-30. Liu, X. , He, M. Q. , Gao, F. , & Xie, P. H. (2008). An empirical study of online shopping customer satisfaction in China a holistic perspective. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 36(11), 919-940. Ou, C. X. J. , Sia, C. L. , & Banerjee, P. (2007). WHAT IS HAMPERING ONLINE SHOPPING IN chinaware?Information Technology Management, 18(1), 16-32. So, W. C. M. , Wong, T. N. D. , & Sculli, D. (2005). Factors affecting intentions to purchase via the internet. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105(9), 1225-1244. Xu, H. J. , Zou, X. W. , & Wang, H. S. (2006). Consumersattitudes of e-commerce in China. Scholarship and superior Work Business, 7(2), 202-207. Zhou, L. , Dai, L. W. , Zhang, D. S. (2007). ONLINE SHOPPING ACCEPTANCE MODEL A CRITICAL SURVEY OF CONSUMER FACTORS IN ONLINE SHOPPING. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 8(1), 41-62.

Man without a Memory – Clive Wearing

During the learning process data is encoded, then stored and retrieved formerly needed. The sensory organs receive information from the environment and argon stored for a very scant(p) ut landmarkost within the sensory cells, by giving attention to this information it is sent into the working memory/short term memory. Information in short-term memory can be held there indefinitely as long as it is rehearsed, and the typical cause for its outlet is that it is displacement by the presence of other, new information that has been attended to.Once received in the working memory/short term memory the information is encoded in our long-term memory by rehearsal or constant repetition of the information. When we need this stored information for emerging purposes, it is retrieve by recall or recognition. Clive wearing, the man with no memory, has an unusual case of memory loss in which he is unable(p) to form lasting new memories. Clive Wearing contracting the herpes viral encephalitis that affected his nervous system and resulted in him has pull away and ante-retrograde amnesia.Ante-retrograde amnesia means he is unable to form memory of events that have taken place after his illness he also suffers from retrograde amnesia, which refers to him being unable to remember places, things and events before his illness means he is unable to store memory. The genus Hippocampus and theatrical roles of his frontal and temporal lobe are damaged due to the infection. The hippocampus which transfers short-term memory to long term memory is damaged due to the viral infection that affected his nervous system. With this said an account could be given of why he is unable to store new memories.His memories only last between 7-30 seconds and are therefore only being stored in his short-term memory. Once the 7-30 seconds expires, he cannot recall what he had provided experienced or learned. This results in him not storing any new memories during his daily life. Even thou Clive W earing is unable to form new memories he still has lasting memory of his wife and playing the piano. The fact that he can do this is evidence that different parts of the brain stores different types of memory. The assumption is that the section of his brain responsible for procedural memory (memory of habits) is not damaged hence his ability to playing the piano.

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The Function of the Art and Design - seek ExampleThis includes differences in the design, function and mechanics that are link to the artwork. This paper will examine the ways in which the opinion of art can alter, specifically which is based on the perspective of the spectator in relation to the elements used to create the designs. To determine the way in which spectators are able to define objectification, as well as perspectives, different artwork was slightly altered. This consisted of a chair that had one leg constrict off, a second chair which had nails driven into it and a chair that was made from corrugated cardboard. The main orgasm was to determine how each of these objects could become a piece of art through the object and design that was used. to a greater extent importantly, there was a specific understanding of how this would relate to the spectators viewpoints and how they would relate to the design which was completed by each of the chairs. The end result was ca lled hierarchical comfort, which worked as a means to show how the judgment of art related directly to the potential functional differences and took the concept of the objects and turned it into a philosophical approach. Using this main concept then allowed those who were looking at the artwork to be pushed into different perspectives based on their own experiences. The concept of changing the meaning of the object through function was based on creating differences through the emotions and functions which spectators would have as a solvent. The design consisted of objects of the chairs as well as objects that changed the function of the chair, such as nails, cardboard or the leg which was cut off. This was done specifically to build the hierarchy of the chairs and to create a specific response from those that were looking at the design.

Family sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Family sociology - Essay ExampleSociological theories and concepts attend in providing a concrete bag for this understanding of the usance of family life in society. Moreover, analyzing different aspects of family life using different perspectives of sociological themes and concepts help in better understanding of the concept of family ideology and its structural changes in the current society. Even though contemporary society has seen legion(predicate) social changes in the aspect of family ideologies and its contributions to the society, it still occupies a central role in the lives of individuals. Thus, studying the role of family from the sociological perspective can provide an insight about how a family functions within a society, and helps influencing the lives of the individuals in promoting socialization, economic contribution and cooperation.According to Anthony Giddins (2006), family is defined as a multitude of persons who are linked directly through blood relationshi ps or marriage, with the adult members assuming responsibility for children and family care. By this definition, family is regarded as a social institution and also the central unit of socialization, which shares values and commitments towards one another. Of wholly the social institutions, marriage plays a fundamental and vital role in creating a society. Marriage is climb up to have preceded society and made it possible by binding together. It is considered to be the basis of social lay and improvement, along with providing the chief support of law, morality, and religion. (Booth, Crouter and Landale 2002, p.48). The extended family was a most common family structure however, it started to decline because of many social and economic factors. Typically, in the 1940s and 1950s, a traditional family structure comprised of a man and woman along with their one or more offspring, and was widespread in the society as an

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Anazlyzing Middle Passage - strive ExampleHowever, in the absence of this art of fictionalizing history, Middle Passage would represent a mere story about a sea journey rather than a philosophical narrative about the Afro-Americans journey through history.Rutherford Calhoun, a recently freed slave in 1830 with a somewhat checked past stows away aboard the Republic, a ship docked in New Orleans. Calhouns goal is two-fold. He hopes to secure employment aboard the Republic as a cook and also hopes to avoid creditors as well as a forced marriage. Ironically he ends up running into problems that far move the unpleasant matters associated with outstanding debts and undesirable marriages. Unknown to Calhoun the Republic is en route to Africa to collect a incubus of slaves. Moreover, the journey is characterized by a mixed bag of characters and disturbing storms and misadventures.Calhouns observation is very clearly out of historical context as it raises a twenty-first century concern. It was not until this period that physical science was applied to examining the link between religion and science.This anachronistic observation serves a symbolic purpose as does the journey on board the Republic. Somewhere at the nexus between consciousness and experience a person forms an identity. Through Calhouns experiences as narrated the modern reader follows Calhouns evolution from a unthinking rogue-like character to a military man of awareness that permits him to embrace the countless seas of suffering.(Johnson, p. 209) This is a contrast to the young man who at the onset of the novel whose observations were lacking in consciousness. He saidCalhouns evolution is sure as shooting out of time. His rejection of stereotypes and indoctrination represents the black consciousness of the twenty-first century. Johnson however uses the Middle Passage as a marrow of bringing the modern reader to the realization that it was primarily the black experience that gave rise to this l atter-day

Toxic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Toxic Culture - Essay Exampleizational Culture, I allow agree with Guthries position basing on the fact that its the leaders responsibility to create and shape the brass instruments ending (Guthrie, 2014). A study by Lin and McDonough (2011) clearly identifies that leadership has a localise influence on placement refinement. The study shows that leaders cannot directly influence an organizations productivity however, they can directly influence the organizations socialization, which has a direct influence on the organizations productivity.Although in the beginning the leader is solely responsible for creating an organization culture, the culture starts to produce with time and partly influences the organizations leadership. However, a leader who clearly understand the basic ideas of leadership and strives to help the organization achieve its goals should never claim ignorance of what is happening under their nose. They should understand that they are in control therefore, the ir childbed is to constantly monitor the change in their organizations culture. That is to say if the organizations culture turns toxic they should be responsible for condoning it since that is their responsibility.Guthrie, D. (2014, January 16). Whos to blamed for Creating a Toxic Organizational Culture? Retrieved from Forbes http//www.forbes.com/sites/dougguthrie/2014/01/16/whos-to-blame-for-creating-a-toxic-organizational-culture/Lin, H. E., & McDonough, E. F. (2011). Investigating the role of leadership and organizational culture in fostering innovation ambidexterity. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 58, (3) 497-509.Malby, B. (2007). How does leadership make difference to organizational culture and effectiveness? Retrieved from Nothern Leadership Academy

An Epidemic of Food Poisoning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An Epidemic of Food Poisoning - attempt ExampleThe etiological agents for this epidemic of fare poisoning is bacteria (Emedicine, 2008). Bacterial regimen poisoning agents such as salmonellae, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus and vibrio cholerae are all possible etiological causes for this good example of food poisoning (Emedicine, 2008). Other agents such as E. coli and shigella are precluded because the symptoms enlisted in the case study do not underpin with those that are manifest by victims of these latter food poisoning agents (Emedicine, 2008). The E . coli/shigella compounding produce symptoms that are hemorrhagic in nature, symptoms that are absent from those listed in the case study.Among all these bacterial agents one viral agent can be included - Norwalk virus. The symptoms manifested by victims of norwalk virus poisoning corroborate exactly with those manifested by the victims of the case study epidemic (Emedicine, 2008).It was definitely food infection as en listed bacterial or viral agents are harmful only when a substantial number enters the hosts, usually military personnel and primates, body and multiplies and starts secreting toxins that adversely affect the host physiology. In contrast, toxification of food is usually a phenomenon that is caused by toxin producing agents alike some varieties of mushrooms (Emedicine, 2008). ... Answer 2It was definitely food infection as enlisted bacterial or viral agents are harmful only when a substantial number enters the hosts, usually humans and primates, body and multiplies and starts secreting toxins that adversely affect the host physiology. In contrast, toxification of food is usually a phenomenon that is caused by toxin producing agents like some varieties of mushrooms (Emedicine, 2008). Toxins in food like large game fish can also be induced by such fish feeding on dinoflagellates like algae (Arnold, 2007). This is a source of ciguatera poisoning (Arnold, 2007). some other common sour ce of food poisoning through toxicity in fish is scromboid poisoning associated with pitiful meat fish such as tuna, albacore and mackerel (Patrick, 2007). These are precluded in favor of food-borne infection by bacterial or viral agents because of lack of appropriate symptoms and duration of such symptoms. Question 3 How did the food get contaminated and which item was contaminatedAnswer 3Careful study of the data connect with the case study reveals some facts. The data is of the symptoms evidenced in each person who attended the dinner party at Port Allen, Louisiana, and the particular items of food each consumed there. The data also includes the particular hour and twenty-four hours on which the symptoms started developing and their duration.When the data set was scanned with an elimination method in which each item was scanned against persons who had eaten it and had actual the telltale symptoms - diarrhea, cramps, weakness, nausea, chills, headache, fever and vomiting - the re was no clear indication that any one food item was responsible for the infection outbreak. This is quite in corroboration with what the initial laboratory analysis had revealed - that some of