Internship Report Sample

Is week 5 now, I have getting used to a lot of working procedure here and can handle customer all by myself. Besides handling customer, I also try to response and monitor the social page of the company in order to keep the page active and response to people who needed our services. In addition, I also practice how to use Photoshop during free time. On the other hand, learning how to use photoshop is not an easy job. I have try to create something but fail and end up passing the job to my colleague that is specialize on designing things.Nevertheless, I will keep on learning and hope that I can master it as soon as possible. Week 6 was different, besides of monitoring the social page and customer services, I worked in the workshop of the company and help in their production. In addition, I also follow one of my supervisors to some of the working site. Since it is week 6, I have watch how to produce some of the product in the workshop many times. So now I know how to help out my colleag ue in a right way to increase the production speed.Although I have make some minor mistake at the start, but it went down quite well after few times. My colleague also helps to fix my mistake and taught me how to do it correctly. Is week 7, everyday seems to be like a routine this week. Each morning I will open up the social media network which is Facebook to reply messages or enquiries on post that I post in the company page. If customer is convince to our service, I will proceed to payment and start processing their product. Besides that, I will also open up our email go do some email marketing and also see whether they is any reply in the mail.Week 8 is a bit challenging, I’m still doing those routine everyday but this week our supervisor ask me and my other colleague to create information for a new webpage. We will need to prepare price of the quotation for all the product need to be list in the webpage. Besides that, we also have to list out all the area that our company services are covering. There is a lot of problem during the process because we keep on editing the file until our supervisor is satisfied with our information.

Midaq Alley in History Versus Midaq Alley

The women of the Middle East would continue to uphold their traditional image, even though in their heart of hearts many of them may be yearning for plain liberty.   The chief character of Naguib Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley (1992) is a woman by the name of Hamida, who must put up acts to stay true to her traditions, at the same time as she yearns for something beyond the ordinary.   Yet, her passage into a world where men and women must be considered equal is a narrow one. As a matter of fact, her life is the Midaq Alley, which â€Å"resembles a ‘trap,’ with walls on three sides, making darkness one of its pervasive features (Deeb).†Ã‚   What is more, there is a very narrow entrance and an equally narrow exit to the small alley – away from the big, outside world – that the Middle Eastern woman has come to represent in Mahfouz’s novel (Deeb). All the same, Marius Deeb, in her literary criticism of Midaq Alley, considers the novel in its historical context alone.   Hers is historical literary criticism of Midaq Alley, seeing that she describes the difference between the alley and the outside world as the division between traditions and modernity in the Eygpt of 1940s.   According to the author, the significance of the alley may only be explained in terms of the socio-cultural environment of the time that the novel is about. The difference between the alley and the outside world, in the author’s opinion, is similar to the division between the East and the West.   Even so, the most important character in the novel remains Hamida.   She is entirely different from the rest of the characters, and therefore demands the reader’s attention like nobody else in the novel.   Being the center of attention, she teaches a very important lesson about the perceived differences between men and women in the Middle East.   In essence, her story does not merely apply to the historical context of the novel.   Rather, it is the story of the perceived differences between Middle Eastern men and women even in our times. Hamida is the Midaq Alley, although Deeb does not mention her thus.   Not the kind to give up easily, she sneers at her husbands-to-be simply because she wants something better than them, most definitely a life that is more prosperous, and outright superior, that is, the big, outside world.   She considers her husbands-to-be as nonentities because she thinks she can achieve well for herself without them.   At the same time, she is bounded by Middle Eastern customs and culture to choose one prospect and get married like ordinary girls. Even if Hamida represents the East – in the East and West division of the world – the novel is mainly about the social differences between men and women.   These differences may be explained in terms of the separation between the heaven and the earth as well.   However, Deeb’s literary criticism does not describe the separation or differences beyond the historical context of the novel.   The author describes her interpretation of the novel thus: â€Å"We discern in this novel the division between the traditional world and the modern world in Egypt during the 1940, that is, to some extent, a re-enactment of the East-West dichotomy and the values, whether aesthetic or moral, which accompany those worlds (Deeb).† Hamida admires the women who have escaped their marital bonds.   She is especially inspired by the factory girls she knows – who all happen to be Jewish.   She informs her mother about the same, â€Å"If you had seen the factory girls!   You should just see those Jewish girls who go to work.   They all go about in nice clothes.   Well, what is the point of life then if we can't wear what we want (Mahfouz)?†Ã‚   According to Middle Eastern customs for women, Hamida must control her true desires before the cultural expectations that are attached to all women.   All the same, Mahfouz brings to the mind’s eye the picture of Middle Eastern women that are longing to free themselves from the bonds of patriarchy, and all the rules of society that are connected to the same. Apparently, the Middle Eastern women would also like to free themselves from the difficult clothing they are forced to wear.   Perhaps they would like breaks from such clothing.   While women such as Hamida may genuinely face a problem with restrictive customs, Mahfouz also describes the ‘proper’ girls that are not expected to show their desires anyway.   Boys of the Middle East, on the contrary, are allowed various other facilities, also according to the author.   Boys are permitted, among other things, access to sex, nightlife, and friendships outside the family. If Deeb’s criticism is correct, the East must want to totally blend into the West instead of guarding its culture as it does.   Even though Deeb’s interpretation of the differences between the alley and the outside world may be correct, it is incomplete and inconclusive seeing that it does not truly explain the striking differences between men and women in the novel. When Hamida gets married to Abbas, she only does so to escape her mother’s home.   Escape seems to be her only wish.   She turns into a prostitute as soon as her husband leaves home for an indefinite period of time.   But, does she find her eventual escape route through this act?   It appears that while many Middle Eastern women may be searching for escape routes from traditions, once and for all, it was only Hamida who actually managed to escape. Whether she had dreamt of reaching a brothel or not is not the point of Mahfouz’s tale.   The fact remains that Hamida had no choice to live a liberated life as a Middle Eastern woman, except as a prostitute.   Most Middle Eastern women would shun the idea of prostitution altogether, calling it a major sin.   However, Hamida was so desperate to escape that she defied the common image of the Middle Eastern woman to truly escape her cultural constraints, once and for all.   Whether she also found happiness is not the concern of the author either.   Hamida’s liberation, on the other hand, is an important message of Midaq Alley. Hamida was the kind who merely upheld the traditional image of the Middle Eastern woman, just as many other Middle Eastern women probably do.   At the same time, she was desperate enough to express her suppressed desires of liberation that she chose the career of prostitution so as to escape all associations with the patriarchal traditions.   Perhaps, therefore, Mahfouz’s writing is a warning for the extremely strict movements that reduce people to suppressed desperation, which eventually bursts into crimes and various other problems.   Deeb does not explain this lesson.   Moreover, her writing compels the reader to search for the truth behind the novel, seeing that her criticism is only partly true.   After all, Hamida found the opportunity to escape, while the East and traditions – if they represent the Midaq Alley – could not blend into the West and modernity. Works Cited Deeb, Marius. â€Å"Najib Mahfuz's Midaq Alley: A Socio-Cultural Analysis.†   Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies), Vol. 10, No. 2 (1983), pp. 121-130. Mahfouz, Naguib. Midaq Alley. Reprint edition. New York: Anchor, 1992.

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

International Marketing - Essay Example This essay will conduct an internal and external environment analysis to develop effective business entry strategies. Discussion Magnit and Cityline operate within different industries. It is highly important for the organizations to determine the external environmental opportunities and threats before developing the market entry strategy. Following PEST and Porter’s five Force analyses will help the organizations to determine key external environmental opportunities and threats. PEST Analysis PEST analysis helps an organization to determine the overall impact of external environmental factors on the business performance of the organization. Political India is a politically stable country. The government of India is influencing several international organizations to enter in the Indian market. As the entry of foreign players can overcome several economic and social challenges, government can support the organizations. First of all, the market entry of two organizations can som ehow help the nation to overcome challenges like rising unemployment rate. Employment generation will help the people of country to betterment their lifestyles (Shan, 1991, pp.12-15). Looking into these aspects, it can be stated that the political environment is favourable for Magnit retail chain and Cityline internet service provider. Economical India is economically developing country. Purchasing power and disposable income of people are growing at a significant rate on yearly basis. It is true that India has achieved significant growth rate during the period of recent global economic recession and financial crisis. These favourable economic factors can... This report stresses that Magnit and Cityline are the Russian organizations that do not have any kind of international presence. Huge popularity and high market share in Russia influenced these two organizations to decide to go for global expansion strategy. Magnit is one of the leading retail chains in Russia. On the other hand, Cityline is one of the largest internet service providers in Russia. Magnit is trying to target potential target customers in India as it is true that the demand for consumption of consumer goods in the retail chain has increased significantly among the target customers. On the other hand, Cityline is trying to follow B2B business model as the organization is trying to target the business units and organizations to provide high speed internet prices in competitive package prices. It is clear from above discussion that both the organizations can capitalize on several favourable external environmental opportunities. This paper makes a conclusion that the external threats are quite minimal for both organizations. It is important for both of these organizations to develop an effective market entry strategy as the future performance in India is highly depending upon the developed market entry strategy. It is important for Magnit to follow Joint Venture Model in Indian market as it will help the organization in initial stages. The associated venture will help Magnit to get required business capital and operation resources in low cost. On the other hand, it will be effective for Cityline to follow Franchisee business model as it will help the organization to reduce initial political risks and high operation cost. The franchisee owners will help the parent company or franchiser or Cityline to develop effective customer base.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT Essay

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Thus the objective of the copyright law was essentially to provide a monopoly for authors and creators in order to protect their creative works and reward them for their efforts. However to examine, whether the existing copyright legislation in the UK provides for a full enjoyment of this monopoly right by the authors and creators in the present day circumstances is the object of this paper. Copyright law is concerned with the protection of the expression of ideas of individuals which take the form of creative works. However the copyright law does not offer any protection to the original ideas themselves. The following scope of 'copyright' as outlined by the UK Patent Office (2001) will eliminate the confusion on the coverage of the copyright law: "Copyright gives the creators of a wide range of material, such as literature, art, music, sound recordings, films and broadcasts, economic rights enabling them to control use of their material in a number of ways, such as by making copies, issuing copies to the public, performing in public, broadcasting and use on-line. Copyright also gives moral rights to be identified as the creator of certain kinds of material, and to object to distortion or mutilation of it. The purpose of copyright is to allow creators to gain economic rewards for their efforts and so encourage future creativity and the development of new material, which benefits us all" (UK Patent Office 2001) Copyright Law in the UK: As already observed the copyright does not subsist in an idea but subsists in the particular form of representation of the idea. The peculiarity of the copyright law is that the copyright arises without cost or registration at the moment the representation of the idea is completed by its author. With a view to obviate the difficulties in protecting the monopoly rights of authors and creators in the form of a unique protection right, the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 were enacted. "Under UK law the representations of creativity in which Copyright subsists are: original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works; sound recordings, films, broadcasts, and cable programmes" Difficulties in Claiming Protection under Copyright Law in the UK: The word 'copy' in the term 'copyright' does not imply the copying of the whole work but to constitute an infringement it is enough a substantial portion of the of the material in which the copyright subsists is taken for the use of others. Therefore the first difficulty arises in deciding whether infringement is to be counted on the basis of quantity or quality. Though being debatable the courts may take the older view that the matter needs to be judged on the basis of quality rather than quantity. But still the onus of proving the infringement lies on the author or creator to claim the legal protection. In some cases it may be difficult to determine whether a particular creation can be regarded as a 'work of artistic craftsmanship'. The classic example in this case lies in the case of Henshaw -v- Restawhile where a new sofa with a frame covered by appropriate materials was designed by a team of craftsmen. In order to

Asteroid Impact Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Asteroid Impact Discussion - Essay Example Accordingly, â€Å"the pieces could still hit Earth, and we might not have enough firepower to do serious damage.† (Atkinson, 2009) Secondarily, â€Å"a nuclear explosion could reroute a space rocks trajectory clear of Earth;† (Keim, 2009) but, from the other perspective, this would need to be done decades before the asteroid reached us (Atkinson, 2009). Thirdly, it could be annihilated with an assistance of â€Å"direct beams of concentrated sunlight to the surface of an appropriately icy asteroid.† (Keim, 2009) Except these ones, there are also another variants that have their own pros and cons as well. For example, â€Å"electric propulsion,† â€Å"gravity tractor,† â€Å"solar salls,† etcetera. (Atkinson, 2009) As for me, and it will be going on as an overall conclusion, that among these variants of annihilating asteroids the aforesaid three are the most vital: direct nuclear explosions, nearby nuclear explosions, and laser sublimation. To conclude with, first one needs too much nuclear power embodied in a bomb but theretically it sounds effectively; furthermore, second one is needed to be concentrated very carefully on the asteroids orbit to push it off from the Earth; finally, â€Å"beams of the concentrated sunlight† could be regarded as very sufficient in case that average temperature of the asteroid is not higher that of â€Å"sunlight;† if not, they will only increase the overall temperature of the

Transition to democracy in the Developing World Assignment

Transition to democracy in the Developing World - Assignment Example Cases of abuse of office, indepth corruption and weak systems that scuttle efforts of accountability are just some of the major challenges facing developing countries. Different groups of scholars have fronted views on how most of the countries in the developing world can transition to democracy. Among the areas which have been identified to be needing urgent redress to foster democracy include; history of that particular country, role of civil society and State capacity (Kaufman and Haggard 42-44). However, the wave of democratization also referred to by some scholars as the third wave of democratization brought out the fact that democracy is not only inclined to economic level of development. Considerable debates are currently unfolding on how and whether, institutional conditions, social, economic and structural factors impact on democratization prospects and also on how democratic political systems in these countries can be sustained. Democratization sequencing has fronted the idea of establishment of well functioning States and the rule of law as major prerequisites in democratization (Kaufman and Haggard 58). Taking Kenya as an example of one of the developing countries in Africa, we begin by analyzing the commitment to rule of law and the aspect of a well functioning State. In 2007 after general election, Kenya was in turmoil following a disputed presidential election. The opposition alleged that the incumbent had denied conceding defeat. This occurrence led to bloody skirmishes for nearly two months leading to lose of lives and displacement of populations. The electoral commission was blamed for allegedly announcing the results of a flouted election. In response to the preceding events, a deal was brokered between the incumbent and his closest rival in the just concluded disputed polls leading to the formation of a grand coalition government. First in

The Opposite Sex by Steven Doloff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Opposite Sex by Steven Doloff - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the article â€Å"The Opposite Sex†, written by Steven Doloff, appeared in the Washington Post on January 13, 1983. The theme of the article was how society associated sexist stereotypes to the males and females genders, so much so that the two genders could not place themselves in the shoes of the other gender. Truly speaking, the sexist self-images of both the genders have limited their thoughts regarding the other gender. They can imagine the other gender’s roles but are not ready to adopt them. Women are slightly flexible in that they are open about men’s roles in society, and are ready to accept them. Why this perception arose, goes back to the history of feminism, which has motivated women to come out of their stereotypic personalities, and stands at an equal status as men. The reverse is not possible, nor will men let it happen. They are obnoxious toward reverse gender roles. Gender roles are society driven, and not God-has gave, and this is the main difference between sex and gender. This paper intends to interpret Steven Doloff’s article in terms of gender roles and stereotypes associated with each gender. The main focus of the paper will be on Doloff’s line, which he writes at the end of his essay, that today’s youth is â€Å"burdened with sexist stereotypes and sexist self-images†.... writing right-away, with whatever came in their minds; while, the boys went into imagination, and had a hard time sequencing their thoughts and putting them in black and white. It was not that girls were smarter than boys, nor was it a matter of intellect or energy. It was the way both the genders perceived each other. Girls seemed to be keen about the topic at hand; while, boys seemed to be unenthusiastic as if somebody had put them off by asking them to imagine themselves in the shoes of the other gender. Girls wrote more, and the boys wrote less. Doloff’s female s tudents wrote enthusiastically out of â€Å"envy of men's physical and social privileges and curiosity regarding man’s true feelings concerning women†; while â€Å"the male students tended to wait a while (in several cases half the period), in something of a daze, before starting†. It seemed like girls had been thinking about the topic all their lives, and they finally got a chance to express their thoughts out in front of the world. On the other hand, boys seemed to be dull, not being able to concentrate on how they might spend a day like a female. When we throw a look upon some instances of the writings of both the genders, we come to know how they perceived the other gender, and how our thesis statement, that we gave in the beginning of the paper, formed. Sexism, chauvinism, bigotry, gender stereotypes- we can give many names to the essence of Doloff’s students’ writings. Doloff found out that most of the girls wrote about enjoying being a male, staying out of the house until late night, looking for dates, having fun with sports, and enjoying sexual experiences.

McCain will win the 2008 presidential elections Essay

McCain will win the 2008 presidential elections - Essay Example Majorities across all regions except South said Mr. Obama held an edge in their state.† The newspaper further reported on the same date that this poll was taken before Mr. Obama selected Senator Joseph. R. Biden Jr. of Delware as his running mate. The paper further reported, â€Å"when asked about their views on supporting war in Iraq, only 2% of the sampled delegates said yes, while 95 % said no.† capital Amman that security situation in Iraq has improved and time is coming for USA forces to pull out. Mr. Robert Burger of VOA reported that Mr. Obama said â€Å" I welcome the growing consensus in Iraq and USA for a timeline. My view, based on the advice of military experts, is that we can redeploy safely in 16 months, so that our combat brigades are out of Iraq in 2010.† VOA again reports in its same issue of 22nd.July 2008, further on this issue.. Mr. Jim Malone of VOA reports that,† McCain opposes setting a timeline for withdrawal of US troops from Iraq.† Senator McCain further said while addressing his audience in New Hampshire, in July end that â€Å"he looks forward to US troops coming home, but only because of success on ground in Iraq and not as per the preset timetables† This highlights the difference of opinion between the two presidential candidates on the Iraq war. While Senator McCain supports the strategy of his fellow republican President Bush, as he believes the costs incurred so far on Iraq does not warrant early withdrawal, which may mean defeat on that front and diminishing global image for USA. Further VOA issue of 3rd. Sept. carries a report from its national correspondent Jim Malone, that most republicans admire John McCain as a true American hero and a man who survived repeated torture and beatings, while in captivity during Vietnam War. Therefore, he knows the meaning of victory and defeat in a war. VOA further reports in same issue, as Mr. McCain saying, â€Å"I have always put my country first, and I will always do

European learning institutions in the Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

European learning institutions in the Middle Ages Essay The Monastic schools provided the basis for the universities. The main purpose for the establishment of schools was to develop literacy in the society. Through the schools people were educated and hence became wiser. These schools led to the formation of universities as many individuals begun to pursue deeper meanings, verbal clarity and places for doing analysis. During the scholasticism period, the need for a place where intellectuals could do their studies increased greatly as the number of scholars and philosophers rose. Scholars started to analyze books and other information sources through reason and argumentation. Individuals who had gone through schooling had no place to further their studies and their number was increasing. This therefore led to the rise of universities as they provided a place for further studies. During the scholastic period there were many discoveries which were meant to enhance learning. The universities came up because of the need to have intellectuals together so that they can share ideas and opinions thereby leading to more discoveries. The university was a good place to do research and for individuals to learn from others. Additionally, individuals wanted to understand the Bible better and thus get closer to its truth. The university provided a good place where people could study the Bible and hence understand it better. Background of the students During this period, education was the privilege of the members of the upper classes and thus most of the students were from the upper classes in the society. There were few students from the lower classes who had the opportunity to have formal education. This could be attributed to insufficient educational resources thereby making them expensive and thus not affordable to the lower class members. Curriculum The schools curriculum was divided into two trivium and quadrivium. Trivium was composed of grammar, dialectic and rhetoric while qaudrivium contained geometry, arithmetic, astronomy and music. In grammar, texts written by the Priscian who was a Latin grammarian were studied and applied. In dialectic, the works done by Aristotle were read while in rhetoric, the works of Cicero were studied. Arithmetic involved the study of multiplication and division, and in addition to that abacus and chronology were learned. Geometry mainly involved the study of Euclid while Astronomy involved studying the works of Bede and Pliny who was a Roman writer. In Music, the students were taught proportion, scale, music of the spheres and the harmony of the universe. During the Charlemagne period education was mainly based on written texts (Cunningham Reich, 2006). During the scholasticism period, learning was based on reasoning and argumentation. Books were chosen, read and subjected to investigation. Points of disagreements between books and other sources of information were written down and subjected to analysis using dialectics. Through the dialectics a common ground was found. During this period universities were formed and the curriculum of most universities primarily involved the study of philosophy, science, ancient culture and mathematics. In addition to studying the students were allowed to do research in their field of preference. The effects of formal educational institutions on the European society These institutions increased the gap between the rich and the poor people in the society. This can be attributed to background of the most students. Education was primarily the privilege of the upper class members and thus most of the lower class member never had the opportunity to have formal education. However, in spite of the gap in the society, the formal educational institutions provided the basis for more discoveries and developments in the European society. Through the institutions literacy in the society increased as more people improved their knowledge and skills. Additionally, the institutions reconciled different societies as translators and intermediaries were required. For instance, in translating Greek to English Muslims and Jews were utilized as translators and intermediaries. This therefore led to reconciliation between different religions as they dependent on each in enhancing learning. Furthermore, the learning institutions led to change in character as individuals begun to see things differently. This led to changes in the political scene as authoritative governments collapsed paving way for the democratic ones. Powers of the monasteries were reduced as democratic governments came into power. This is because more individuals understood their rights and hence started to fight for their rights. Word count: 717. Reference list Cunningham L. S. and J. Reich, (2006). Culture and values. Edition: 6. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. p. 199.

Americas racial front Essay Example for Free

Americas racial front Essay This scripture, taken from Matthew 15:8, denotes flawlessly what was, what is, but hopefully what will not always be the plight of Americas racial front. In 1964, a Civil Rights Act was passed outlawing segregation in schools and other public places. Following its passage, blatant acts of racism were no longer tolerated in the United States. This meant that to utter racial slurs, and publicly assert ones agreement with racial stereotypes came to be considered distasteful or politically incorrect†. Therefore, though in more covert forms than in times past, racism yet rears its ugly head. Perhaps this is because America, though cloaked in the beautiful garment we refer to as equality, is yet stained with the sin of racism. This fact is most evident in the very places in which it was originally outlawed. One of the many purposes for which this law was passed was to prevent age, gender, and racial discrimination in the field of healthcare. Unfortunately, because discrimination is not a superfluous issue, but rather a serious concern due to its institutionalization, elderly people have died in huge numbers due physicians who did not hold their heal in high enough regard to follow proper (though at times, troublesome) procedure. In addition, homosexuals are often experience horrible bedside manners from doctors who disagree with the way in which they’ve chosen to live their lives, and sadly African American men, women, and children are constantly subjected to second-rate care simply due to the color of their skin. This ugly picture is nothing like the pretty one painted by America for others to see.

Sustainability in construction and environmental impact of the construction industry

Sustainability in construction and environmental impact of the construction industry Sustainability in Construction There are many definitions of Sustainability, it has been evaluated as Sustainability is adapting the ways we all live and work towards meeting needs, while minimising the impacts of consumption and providing for people of today and not endangering the generations of tomorrow. [1] At the heart of sustainable development is the simple idea of ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and for the future generations. It means achieving social, economic and environmental objectives at the same time. It will give us a more inclusive society in which the benefits of increased economic prosperity are widely shared, with less pollution and more efficient use of natural resources. [2] Sustainable development was defined by the Brundtland Commission (1987) as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable construction aims to provide ways for buildings to use fewer raw materials and less energy, cause less pollution and less waste but still provide the benefits that construction projects have brought throughout history. Most definitions stress that sustainability requires making decisions that recognise the connections between actions and effects in the environment, economy and society. Sustainability is often seen as an ethically and moral debate. Social, environmental and economic needs must be met in a balance with each other for sustainable outcomes in the long term. [3] Sustainable construction is meeting environmental and social responsibilities, and at the same time improving profitability. The key characteristics of sustainable construction are similar to those set for sustainable development, the end result is to reduce a firms detrimental effects on the environment. The industry is defined by a number of sectors, all who plan, design, build, alter or maintain the built environment. Also its subsidiaries, those who manufacture materials, suppliers, and end of life occupiers or owners. The entire life cycle of any structure, from initial concept to demolition must be encompassed in the definition of sustainable construction. Buildings and structures change the face of towns and countryside, and their construction, use, repair, maintenance, and demolition consume vast amounts of energy and resources compared to many other industrial sectors. [4] The environmental Impact of the Construction Industry The government has stated that the construction, occupation and maintenance of buildings account for around 50% of the UKs total CO2 emissions. [5] The construction process and building use not only consume the most energy of all sectors in the UK and create the most CO2 emissions, they also create the most waste, use most non-energy related resources, and are responsible for the most pollution. In light of government plans to reduce the United Kingdoms CO2 emissions by 80% based on 1990 levels [6], the construction industry is at the forefront for reducing emissions in industrialised nations and the United Kingdom is no exception. Code for Sustainable Homes The code for Sustainable homes is a framework which has been put in place by the government as a step change towards producing more sustainable homes. The code is a result of a working relationship between the Building Research Establishment (BRE) and the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA). The main aim of the code is to provide the construction industry a drive towards continuous improvement, greater innovation and exemplary achievement in sustainable home building. [7] The code enhances the use of Energy Performance Certificates which is a result of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). The Energy Performance Certificates are used in new homes whenever they are sold or leased and are an indicator of carbon performance of the home. There are 9 main design categories covered in the code as follows: * Energy/CO2 * Pollution * Water * Health and well-being * Materials * Management * Surface water run-off * Ecology * Waste

Eastman Chemical :: essays research papers

Eastman Chemical Company located in Kingsport, Tennessee is in an industry that produces basic and immediate chemicals, specialty chemicals, agricultural chemicals, petrochemicals, plastics and fibers, and paints and coatings. Eastman also manufactures over 1200 chemicals, fibers and plastics; as well as being the largest supplier of polyester plastics. Currently Eastman employs over 15,000 people in 30 countries with manufacturing sites tactically located in 17 countries, with Asia Pacific Region Office being one of their key offices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eastman is known in the chemical industry as a world leader in the e-business. They are the first chemical company to provide their customers with e-business, which allowed them to do business in a much easier and efficient manner. Eastman e-business specializes in an online storefront and transactional Customer Centra; Web-enable auctions; alliances and investments in digital business, along with system-to-system ERP connections. The main focus of Eastman’s e-business was:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Creating customer-centric solutions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Portfolio of option, along with providing solutions for customers via electronic means   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Invest in technologies/capabilities that bring value to customers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. Be externally focused   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5. Form partnerships   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6. Build an e-brand, which attract customers, suppliers and technology partners   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7. Leverage its intellectual capital, industry knowledge, network of contacts, credibility, brand and customer base   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By implementing the e-business, Eastman’s customers were able to view products, check status of orders, access certificates of analysis, material safety data sheets, etc. The only problem Eastman originally saw with the e-business model which they have worked so hard to implement was that only 22 of the companies, which they do business with, are connected. And it’s very important to get all the companies connected into their infrastructure, which will provide all their customers with the seven foundational principles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowing the importance of getting the industry knowledgeable and connected to the e-business, Craig Knight, the Asia Pacific Digital Business and Customer Service Manager of Eastman Asia Division was tasked to sell the Eastman’s philosophy. Knight made a two-week trip to Tokyo, Shanghai, and Malaysia to sell Eastman’s integrated electronic supply chain, known as the Integrated System Solution (ISS), to business partners in the industry. He was able to sell Nagase & Co., Ltd, a company in Japan on the ISS, but they had some concerns regarding the system. Knight truly understood their concerns, and made every effort to ease the process by providing the long-term benefits of the ISS to Nagase & Co., Ltd and other business partners.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to George Eastman, â€Å"business as usual can put you out of business†.

Cause and Effect Essay - The True Cause of School Shootings

Most of us learned when we were very young that we should not judge by appearances. But, in the aftermath of massacres in schools everywhere, a sane person has to take seriously what the material world shows - and pass judgment. After all, a lack of judgment and subsequent action may lead to further youth violence. This event has been thoroughly dissected by a whole herd of politicians and pundits over a period of some months. But they have, unfortunately, failed to reach the heart of the matter. For the heart of the matter is theological, a category that does not often appear in American public discourse. Instead, we hear talk about psychology, community, exclusion - the narrow, modern litany of cause and effect. David Mandel, a psychologist who has studied the Goth subculture - one of the causes being invoked - wrote last year, "It is not sinister, but tongue in cheek." And he continued: "People who are really into it use it to construct meaning in their lives. . . . They really find beauty in the dark things much the way others find beauty in bright, happy things" (Mandel...

Interaction Theories Essay

A. Compare and contrast two of the models or theories presented in this chapter considering their usefulness in practice, research, education and administration. For the purposes of this discussion, I have selected King’s Theory of Goal Attainment and Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations. On a broad perspective, both theories aim at explaining the interaction processes that happen between a nurse and her patient. Imogene King’s basic assumption of her theory is that the nurse and the client communicate information, set goals mutually, and act to attain those goals. The same can actually be said with Peplau’s theory wherein she states that nursing is an interpersonal process because it involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal, the attainment of which is achieved through the use of a series of steps, and that the nurse and patient work together so both become mature and knowledgeable in the process. A lot of similarities can be seen from both works as they try to explain the nursing process in a nurse-patient interaction level. see fig. 1) The concepts of person, health, environment and nursing are recurring themes on both theories as they attempt to integrate it with each of their own interaction models. The deviation between the two theories occur where the focus of their study lie in the current nursing practice. King focused on the major concept of interacting systems: Personal, interpersonal and social systems, and how the accuracy of determining which system is most applicable would lead to eventual tra nsaction. Because of the severity of her condition, the emergency room nurses attending for this particular patient immediately began taking actions to stabilize her condition, such as securing an IV line, drawing blood for labs, applying oxygen and doing an ECG all at the same time. When asked by a nurse to take her ordered dose of aspirin the patient fearfully verbalized, â€Å"What are you doing to me? † Soon after, when the patient’s condition did not significantly improve but got worse, the physician advised the husband that patient be brought to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for an angiogram. The client was adamant that she did not want to take drastic measures, but the husband indicated that he wanted whatever was necessary to improve his wife’s condition. This is an excellent example of a client losing the sense of self-hood. In regard to the concept of self, King (1981) stated â€Å"If nurses and other professionals interact with patients or clients as human beings, and let the individuals be themselves, nurses and patients would help each other grow in self-awareness and in understanding of human behavior, especially in stressful life experiences. † In an environment that requires one to be reactive and responsive, clients often perceive nurses as being too busy or too hurried. King (1981) encouraged nurses to be aware of how they present themselves to their clients because the manner in which nurses enter a client’s room sets the tone for the entire encounter. Poor communication skills lead to poor transactions and interactions between the nurse and the client. Poor communication skills also affect goal setting and goal attainment (Williams, 2001). It is solely because of this perception that proper â€Å"scripting† with the patients has been constantly reiterated to all nursing personnel and including even the support staff. In stark contrast with the example presented above, here is a situation where King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was used in the emergency room setting. Patient ST, a 32-year old male trauma patient who went to the emergency room due to a traumatic amputation of an arm secondary to a motor vehicle accident. The assessment phase of the nursing process can take in the concepts associated with the personal system. Once the patient has been hemodynamically stabilized, the nurse’s attention is now focused on assisting the patient cope with the feelings of loss, separation and anger that he is experiencing. The patient’s feelings of perception, self body image, growth and development, time and space must be considered after doing the primary survey of airway, breathing and circulation. In fact, this is even specified in my institution’s â€Å"Emergency Room Nursing Database† in its attempts to fulfill the JCI requirements in documentation. Attempting to restore the patient’s self-esteem in the light of the traumatic loss is a mutually established goal between the nurse and the client. It is also important for the nurse to realize that the patient’s perceptual field is narrowed because of the pain and emotion that he is currently experiencing. King’s theory highlights the importance of the participation of the individuals in decision making and deals with the choices, alternatives, and outcomes of nursing care. The theory offers insight into the nurses’ interactions with the individuals and groups within the environment (Williams, 2001). Element of the theory of Imogene King is usually applied specifically in interpersonal and social systems. More often than not, the mode of interaction being used in the emergency department is a dyad (2 people interacting), where the perception of a patient is changed because of a communication that takes place providing education to a patient with knowledge deficit. Such an example occurs in ensuring a patient and its significant others’ compliance; if the patient does not understand the importance of a certain intervention or medication, cooperation and adherence will be very difficult to achieve. But once the nurse educates them with proper nurse-patient interaction and therapeutic communication, compliance and adherence to medical regimen can be achieved. King’s Goal Attainment Theory (Client-Centered Theory) is indeed what we are practicing in the daily routine of the hospital and in any other clinical setting. Giving the patient the pertinent information of what is going to happen or what is happening will lessen the patient’s anxiety that contributes to tachycardia, restlessness and give them a sense of control of the situation.

Death and Dying: Before and After Stages Essay

Each new day begins with a sunrise. It brings to earth a new light that has never been seen before. The new light starts small and gradually reaches its peak in the vast sky. It nourishes the land, provides warmth and comfort, and inspires epic tales. As the day ages the light slowly sinks behind the horizon leaving behind brilliant splashes of color as if to reflect upon its accomplishment, but the pallet of colors will quickly fade to black as the light leaves the sky to go to places unknown. Even though the day was bright and created wonder it must give way to the tranquil, mysterious, and cool night. Just as the dawn must give to the night each birth must yield to an eventual death. The night, like death, holds a sense mystery and tranquility for some. To others it invokes all the horrors found in the scariest nightmares. While man may find ways to prolong the inevitable, each must yield to the waning light and go into that which he may have no knowledge of prior to the journey. It is a journey he will make alone. He will be stripped of all his earthly possession including his body. Only his soul will be allowed to pass into the dusk; the time of night. My friends, he must die and yet you must live on. As with every story, death too, has more than one perspective. The lone warrior who must take the solitary journey and the spectators watching the eternal sunset both have their story about the same event, but each story is unique. The dying and their family do not have to face the uncertainty and often fearful process alone however. Organizations such as RMH Hospice Care can help both the dying and their loved ones. Any person that has a terminal diagnosis, and is not expected to live for more than six months is eligible for Hospice assistance. Hospice Care helps to alleviate the stress that is encountered during the dying process by taking a holistic approach to treatment. It often severs as an educational tool to the person and their family. Hospice also provides awareness of the options that are available to the dying person. They also seek to educate the community and health care workers. The word hospice comes from the root word for hospitality in Latin. In basic  terms Hospice means to provide hospitality to the dying person and their family. This means giving palliative or comfort care to the dying and helping their loved ones in many ways. Hospice nurses provide medications to the clients that help to alleviate pain, ease breathing and treat depression that accompanies the process of dying. The nurses also educated the family so that they can understand better what is happening with their loved ones. Hospice workers also provide some counseling to the family and patient. After the death they continue to keep in touch with the family. Historically nuns were caring for the dying persons in monasteries prior to the construction of hospitals. The word hospital also comes for the Latin word for hospitality. In the late sixties a doctor named Dame Saunders applied the term Hospice to the care of the dying (History of Hospice Care – The National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization). She would also introduce the practice of caring for the dying to the United States. One of the purposes hospice serves is to help the dying person and their family to work through the stages and processes of accepting the fact death will occur and to provide help for the family after the death of their loved one. Hospice workers are aware of and educate about the stages that Elisabeth Kubler-Ross introduced to the realm of death and dying. The dying person experiences intimately the process of dying that Elisabeth Kubler-Ross identified, but their loved ones who are left behind after the death experience the grief associated with the loss of a loved one must complete the tasks of mourning identified by William Worden in order to achieve an acceptable quality of life without their loved one. Everyone reaches a point in their life when they understand that they will die. Sometimes this revelation comes as a part of a terminal disease diagnosis. Other times it is simply the realization that their age is greater than the time they have left. When the time of death is near those who are dying often begin working though a process that Elisabeth Kubler-Ross presented in the late sixties. She identified five steps that the dying person works through. These steps are now looked at as process because a person may go between the steps and in various orders (L.Bee &  Bjorklund, 2005). Kubler-Ross identified denial, anger, barraging, depression, and acceptance as the processes that dying person experience. Denial is simply denying that one is close to death. The person may continue to present the illusion that there is nothing wrong with them. A woman with breast cancer was observed by her friends as refusing to have surgery, and sought out several â€Å"second† opinions. A man in hospice care because of prostate cancer may tell the nurse who is making a home visit, â€Å"I don’t know why you are here I am fine.† One particular client who lives in a nursing facility with several levels of care has recently been moved to the special care unit because of his terminal condition and the new requirements of care. He is in deep denial despite his diagnose of terminal lung cancer. He has made no effort to commission a will. He has established no living will or a person to act as his power of attorney should he be unable to make decisions concerning his medical needs or finances. He has even refused to meet with the social worker. His daughter is currently going through le gal process to obtain power of attorney. She requested Hospice care for him. A hospice nurse met with him, and he agreed to sign consent and keep his current DNR status active, but he stated, â€Å"I am only doing this so Sally will leave me alone.† He still refuses to fill out the wish book given to him by hospice. The wish book allows for the dying persons to write down wishes they would liked honored as they are dying and after they are dead. It is assumable that he feels there is no need to express this information because he is â€Å"fine.†Denial from family members can also be seen. Aides and nurses who go to the homes of the hospice clients report denial from family members as a part of their observations. At a home visit one hospice nurse has met opposition from the daughters of a 59 year old man in the Hospice program. She is reluctant to sign important papers because â€Å"daddy is gonna live a long time still,† despite his need for high amounts of oxygen and advancing congestive heart failure. Another man, observed at an assistant living facility in Harrisonburg by a nurses aid working on the special care unit, response to his 69 wife’s terminal cancer diagnosis and recent move to the new unit by saying â€Å"those d@#n doctors they don’t know anything anyway. She’ll pull through this. She’s been through worse.† He is reflecting upon the first time she was diagnosed with cancer 6 years ago. This time however  she has chosen to not go through the aggressive treatments for her cancer. Anger is another process identified by Kubler-Ross. Anger refers to the feelings felt once the person realizes they are dying. It is only natural for a person feel angry at the loss of their most precious asset. Anger is sometimes seen in sudden outburst. An elderly woman at an assistant living facility who is normally peaceful and quite was observed by a student throwing her little glass birds in her room and cursing God a few days after receiving bad news from her doctor. In the same facility the student was confronted with a young man who has AIDS. He was almost unapproachable because of his hatred of persons with much life ahead of them. Anger is not restricted to the dying person only. Family members experience this emotion as well. A middle age man whose wife is visit frequently by a hospice nurse due to the effects of the end stages of terminal cancer curses God for taking his wife instead of someone who had done terrible deeds. He clenches his fist and looks to the sky as if to challenge God himself. Anger is reflected in family members of an elderly woman who has suffered a fall as the result of neglect. The fall caused much trauma for the woman, and it became evident she would not recover from the damage. Her family vocalizes their anger and feelings of unfairness to the aides who care for their mother in the special care unit. Bargaining is the offer of a sacrifice in return for more life. The dying cancer patient may ask God to grant him life until the end of the holiday season, and he will ask for nothing else. A little woman in a hospice care program asked God to grant her enough time to see her gardens bloom one last time. This too was a last request. Another gentleman promised good behavior and greater religious commitment in return for a longer life. Bargaining is also seen among family members. They are willing to give up a lot in order to preserve a loved one’s life. For example the middle age man losing his wife to terminal cancer reported asking God to save his wife, and take his instead. He also promised to be a better person and give more money to the church. To show that he was serious he donated several thousand from  the sale of property to the church. His sincerity and hurt made the observer want to cry. He was clearly trying to save his wife’s life. Depression affects the mental health of the dying. Depression in the dying is a reaction to the disorder of their life created by the disease and because of the realization that they must prepare to meet death (Strickland, 2005). Depression in the dying person is often observed by caregivers in the form of the refusal to eat, not going out, refusing to see other people, and showing no interests in hobbies they one enjoyed. The man with congestive heart failure often enjoyed building small wooden toys. When asked if he had been in his workshop lately he said, â€Å"No, just have not felt like it. Not really much point.† The young man suffering from AIDS has not turned on his playstation in a month. He used to play several hours a day. His mother has offered him several new games. Acceptance of one’s death is not the same as giving up. It is actually the act of accepting death in a manner that allows for the need reflection of the life lived. The middle aged woman with terminal cancer put her â€Å"affairs in order,† made all her own funeral arrangements so her family would not have to, and dictated her living will and estate will to her attorney. She has accepted her own mortality. An elderly woman has sold property she does not use, started giving away her possessions to family members, and is writing her memories in a journal. She also decided to empty her bank account and split the money between her five grandchildren. With a evil little smiled she said, â€Å"Now the greedy lawyers won’t get a dime of it.†During the last week of his wife’s life the middle aged man came to accept his wife’s very near death. He quit asking for her life to be extended. When he asked for the nurse and aide to join him in prayer he now prayed for comfort and a peaceful passing for his wife. He asked for guidance in the days after her death. He also asked her what she wanted to be buried in. He knew she was a particular woman when it came to dressing. A person or family member can experience these stages in any order. They may also experience more than one stage at once. For example the man with congestive heart failure had accepted the fact that he would soon be dying,  but he still bargained for more time. He wanted to live though his daughter’s wedding. He felt he could die in peace if he could attend his youngest daughter’s wedding. Anger was the first reaction to one woman’s terminal diagnosis, but instead of bargaining she went into depression. Her depression was often mixed with angry actions. If she bargained it was in her personal space and time. On the eve of her death she became afraid to be alone, and she verbalized for the first time her acceptance of death. â€Å"I do not want to die alone. Please stay with me,† she asked several aids in the nursing home she lived in. The young man with AIDS knows he is dying and he is quick to state â€Å"I am going to die soon,† and he has signe d a DNR form, made request for his funeral, and signed his property over to his mother. He show acceptance by the above mentioned acts, he is still very angry and considers himself unjustly persecuted by the Gods, he can be heard often barraging for more time, and is severely depressed. The only stage he seems not to be in is denial. It is possible in the depths of his mind he may still try to convince himself that he normal, well, and has many years to live. Denial was once an issue for him however, for nearly six years he refused treatment for HIV because he did not want to admit he was carrying the virus in his blood. He pursued numerous â€Å"second opinions.†Family members display the same fluidity in the stages indentified by Kubler-Ross. The daughter who refused to sign important papers for her father because she felt he was not in the dying process eventually agreed to sign them. However she stated, â€Å"I do not think he is dying, but I need the help so I will sign them.† The family angry because of the neglect that lead to the terminal condition of their mother never let go of the angry feelings even though they moved through the four other processes. The middle aged man was depressed during the time his wife was dying. He also bargained with God despite being angry with him. In a few cases the family members simply accepted the fact their loved one was dying. If there were any of the other stages present they hid their feelings very well. In these cases the dying person was very old, had lived a full life, and there was not the presence of terminal illness. Once the loved one has passed away the tasks of mourning and recuperating from the loss is placed on the survivors. William Worden has established four tasks of mourning. These tasks must be met in order for the survivors to return to the quality of life that they experienced before the death of their loved one (Worden, 2001). These tasks, unlike Kubler-Ross’s stages, are worked through in order. Worden’s first task requires that the mourners â€Å"accept the reality of the loss,† (Worden, 2001). Worden acknowledges the reality of death is tough to accept even if the death was anticipated. In post-death visits done by Hospice this is most common seen in a verbal form. The daughter of the man who died from congestive heart failure remarked upon a comment made by an observer about the toy train her father had made, Daddy is- I mean was always good with his hands.† She had a hard time accepting the fact her father was dying, but is working into accepting his death. The middle aged husband who lost his wife to terminal cancer also showed signs of making the adjustment to accepting his loss. He would often say â€Å"it’s what she would’ve wanted me to do,† or she was this and she use to do that. A woman whose husband recently passed made the comment â€Å"that was my husband’s favorite ice cream,† at an ice cream social event at her assistant living facility. Sometimes this type of speech is noted before the person has passed away. Visitors of an elderly man who was in his last few hours of life were overheard saying, â€Å"He was a good man.† Nurses in nursing homes also do the same type of behavior. â€Å"She was sick, even though she is still sick, and â€Å"he wanted to die peacefully,† despite the fact he has not yet passed away. Funeral homes often help with the acceptance as well. The remembrance cards are written in past tense. Funeral directors give the option for an open casket funeral or viewing. The practice of being able to view the body of their loved one often helps people to accept their loss as reality. The ideas that are associated with a funeral and funeral parlors also help the surviving members to come to terms with the fact a loved one has died. Worden’s second task involves the chore of â€Å"working through the grief,† (Worden, 2001). Grief can include both physical, emotional and behavior aspects. It is often referred to as the â€Å"pain of loss, the empty space in my  heart, and nothingness.† Family members can become depressed after the loss. A newly widowed woman refuses to eat, and stays in her room. Prior to her husband’s death she was active within the assist living facility’s community As the weeks turned to months she began eating at every meal, and once again participating in the activities. Occasionally she will even make small humorous remarks about all the time she has now that she does not have to worry about her husband. Adjusting to the changed environment is the third tasks in Worden’s four tasks to mourning the loss of a loved one. The changed environment is the places where the loved one is missing from. The home, or apartment, and place of work are examples of the environments that experience a change when a person dies. When a widow allows for the removal of her husband’s clothes from her closet she is making a small change in the environment to reflect its change. In the case of the man who passed from the effect of chronic heart failure, his daughters removed the hospital bed from the living room, and returned the sofa and book cases. The same occurred in the house of the middle aged man whose wife died from terminal cancer. Part of this change was prompted by the fact that the hospital beds were rentals from medical supply companies. The nurse who did the follow-up visit to his home noted that the man had chosen to completely rearrange his living room after the hospital bed was moved. He also purchased some new furniture for the room. His daughter took to only setting the formal dining room with three table setting instead of the four place settings. The imbalanced of the table settings contrasted greatly with the theme of symmetry in the room. All the decorations and furniture in that room was bought in pairs and arranged evenly. The table looked odd with its uneven number of place settings. The granddaughter has removed all the blankets from the â€Å"sick room† (her reference to the living room) because they were only for sick people. Adjustment to the changed environment can sometimes be problematic when the environment the person occupied most during their last days were in a nursing home. Because rooms in a nursing facility are often in high demand the rooms have to cleared and cleaned quickly. In some cases this change occurs with hours after the person death. This can be upsetting to family  members who may have wanted to spend some quite time among their loved one things. Nurse aids often report that it makes them feel like the person meant nothing to anyone when the rooms are cleared and cleaned quickly. Even though the nurses only spend a short amount of time with the person their personalities often lend to quick attachments. Sometimes nurse aids will take keepsakes from the person room, with family permission of course. One nurse aid was given a house plant by the family of a resident she grew very close to. She still talks about the plant and the person frequently despite the passing of two years. The fourth task is to â€Å"emotionally relocate the deceased and moving on with life,† (Worden, 2001). To accomplish this task the mourner must acknowledge that while they will never forget or renounce their love for that person, there are other they can love (Worden, 2001). An example of this can be seen when a widowed person after sometime meets, falls in love with, and marries someone else. They understand that they will always love their first spouse, but they have accepted and properly mourned their loss. That being done they are able accept and give love to another person. Parents who have experienced the loss of a child may choose to become pregnant and have another child. They have not forgotten the child they once had and loved. They simply now realize that they can still have the love for the child that has died and for a new baby. A widow who goes out and seeks meaningful relationships among her peers so as not to be socially isolated is allowing for some of the â€Å"empty space in her heart† to be filled with the love and understanding found in the new friendships. When a person is in the twilight of their live they must work through stages like those attributed to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. Along with the dying person the family also experiences the emotions linked with these stages. The dying person and their family may not experience the stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance in order or at the same time. The person may experience more than one stage at a time. Once the sunset has set on a person’s live their family members are left with the chore of accepting the loss and mourning the dead. William Worden set  forth four tasks of mourning that if completed successfully the mourner will be able to return to the quality of life they experienced before their loss. The mourner must accept the loss, master their grief, acknowledge changed environments, and â€Å"relocate the deceased. (Worden, 2001)†While part of the grieving process starts before the death, and can be experienced with the dying person, the tasks of mourning are solely up to the survivors to complete. It is unknown what stage if any the deceased experience after their death. This is a heavily guarded secret only imparted to those who make the journey into the great unknown. Works Cited Gina Copp RGN, D. M. (1998). A Review of Current Theories of Death and Dying. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 382-390. Kipp, S. W., & Kemp, E. (n.d.). Consumer Awarness of the Legal Obligations of Funeral . L.Bee, H., & Bjorklund, B. (2005). The Journey of Adulthood. Boston: Pearson. Ph.D., T. A. (2007). The Human Odyssey: Navigating the Twelve Stages of Life. New York: Sterling. Strickland, L. A. (2005). The last Dance:Encountering Death and Dying (7th ed.). New York, New York: McGraw. Terry, W., Olson, L., Wilss, L., & Boulton-Lewis, G. (2006). Experience of Dying: Concernc of Dying Patients. Internal Medicine journal , 338-346. Worden, W. (2001). Grief Counceling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook for the Mental Health Professional. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Economic Globalization Essay

Just after the Second World War, the world faced yet another economic set back in the name of cold war. The lengthy cold war however came to an end with the decline of the Soviet Union and the collapse o the Berlin wall. The world market opened up with the opening of free market in the individual states that had split from the former Soviet Union plus other nations of the Eastern Europe (Staley 2008). The Eastern Europe was very critical player for increased globalization in the 1990s. Most of the nations in the region joined the world trade organization and played a significant role as a supply foundation in to the western countries. China’s role in the cold war was a swift one and by the time the cold war was culminating, it had established itself in Asia as the economic stronghold serving as a market and supplier to Japan and other developed nations in the region. China by that time exported about 15% of the total world export. The United States on the other hand increased its imports from the South America by 4% from 11% in 1960 to around 16% in 1990 (Staley 2008). These were the results of market globalization and improved policies. Emerging Economies The developing countries have improved drastically and have found a place in the world economy as critical players. These countries have actually increased the value of global economy as they are rapidly developing in terms of industrialization and are being termed s emerging market economies as well. Example of emerging economies are china an India, which have invested in information technology related industries that are a great influence on the world economy, which is also supported by worldwide economic connection (Marber 2008). Information technology has played a role in facilitating economic growth in most of the countries but it has also come with some negative features which are a threat to economic growth. The major set back in the information technology field was the inventory adjustments that were introduced in 2000. This brought about stagnation and many counties were affected including the US, Japan and most of the European nations.

In Defense of Food Essay

In the book, In Defense of Food: An Eater’s Manifesto, author Michael Pollan commences his tale with a few straightforward words: â€Å"Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants†. In his introduction, An Eater’s Manifesto, Pollan discusses how the dietetic wisdom that was passed down from older generations has been heavily tainted by â€Å"nutritional science and food industry marketing† (Pollan, 2008). The first volume of the book entitled, The Age of Nutritionism†, delves into this problem and helps uncover the cause of today’s â€Å"nutritional confusion and anxiety† (Pollan, 2008). Nowadays, it is not uncommon to have â€Å"edible foodlike substances† displayed in every aisle of the grocery store with all products promoting some kind of nutritional benefit from their consumption. These dietary facts are often modified to showcase dietary benefits that are barely present in the food product, if present at all. With such prevalent misinformation, today’s society has become so overly concerned with nutrient enriched food that people have either forgotten or are unaware of the importance of the fundamentals. Pollan further explains that humanity has become â€Å"a nation of orthorexics† meaning that people have developed â€Å"an unhealthy obsession with healthy eating† centred on the theory of nutritionism (Pollan, 2008). Chronic diseases that have the highest death rate such as obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and cancer, can be attributed to the â€Å"Western diet† which consists of â€Å"highly processed foods and refined grains; the use of chemicals to raise plants and animals in huge monocultures; the superabundance of cheap calories of sugar and fat produced by modern agriculture; and the narrowing of the biological diversity of the human diet to a tiny handful of staple crops, notably wheat, corn, and soy† (Pollan, 2008). In the second volume entitled â€Å"The Western Diet and the diseases of Civilization†, Pollan analyzes the shift in eating habits of today versus those since the discovery of agriculture and the industrialization of food. In the third and final volume entitled, â€Å"Getting over Nutritionism†, Pollan offers helpful recommendations to healthy eating and living. These simple, easy-to-follow tips are intended to: educate society on the dangers of misleading information from food industries and medical communities; and to steer people away from the Western Diet and back to the traditional ways of preparing and consuming food. Pollan suggests for people to refrain from shopping at supermarkets and choose local farmers markets instead. However, for those with no other option, he recommends they only shop from the peripherals of the store. Some other advice that Pollan offers is to â€Å"eat mostly plants, especially leaves†, â€Å"eat like an omnivore† and â€Å"be the kind of person that takes supplements† (Pollan, 2008). He also states that people who â€Å"eat according to the rules of a traditional food culture are generally much healthier than people eating a contemporary Western diet†. This analysis is focused on the cultural traditions of food consumption where â€Å"eating is deeply rooted in nature – in human biology on one side and in the natural world on the other† (Pollan, 2008). People around the world have different relationships with food and eating. Pollan suggests that how different cultures eat plays a large role in what different cultures eat. He further proposes that American society, nowadays, has become a culture heavily focused on quantity and price rather than quality. Society has become so fixated on â€Å"low-fat† or â€Å"low-carb† options that they have failed to realize the true underlying issue of overeating. The distinction between price and quality is often the deciding factor for most American families. As a result Pollan recommends purchasing quality foods in smaller portions thus developing the pay more, eat less ideology. I found that this book provided tremendously eye-opening content. This book offers an insightful perspective surrounding the relationship between people and food; proposes how society, in particular the American culture, can start choosing healthier food options that enable us to live healthy and enjoyable lives; while bringing back the joy of eating and preparing food. I found his analysis of the history of nutritionism, the science behind what to eat and why, to be extremely informative. In particular, when Pollan discusses how the food industry develops food products heavily focused around the latest â€Å"fad† diets or so-called nutritional needs of society, it was enlightening to read his perspective as I often purchase items such as low-fat margarine over regular butter. It is outrageous that the food industry fought for many years to get the â€Å"imitation rule† removed and when modified was allowed to state â€Å"that as long as an imitation product was not â€Å"nutritionally inferior† to the natural food it sought to impersonate [and] had the same quantities of recognized nutrients—the imitation could be marketed without using the word [imitation]† (Pollan, 2008). By keeping consumers misinformed about such imperative factors that impact to our daily diets has contributed to society’s vast health issues. Moreover, the discussion about the differences between culture and food habits resonated with me because while I have lived in either England or Canada my entire life, my family lineage is from India. With this real-life example, I believe that Pollan is correct to assume the â€Å"certain cultures that consumed traditional diets based mostly on plants had strikingly low rates of chronic diseases† (Pollan, 2008). Nowadays, a large portion of Westernized societies base their food choices on price and quantity over quality; so-called nutritional content geared towards weight management than overall well-being; and convenience. According to Marion Nestle, author of Food Politics, â€Å"in advertising and on supermarket shelves, [there is] fierce competition [in the food industry] for our food dollars† (Nestle, 2008). She states that the Westernized food industry is â€Å"food politics in action: watered-down government dietary advice, schools pushing soft drinks, diet supplements promoted as if they were First Amendment rights. When it comes to the mass production and consumption of food, strategic decisions are driven by economics—not science, not common sense, and certainly not health† (Nestle, 2008). The role of innovation in sustainable development should focus on more â€Å"agriculture-based methods [of food production] that have been shown to prevent food waste, help resist climate change, and promote urban farming† (Nestle, 2008). What is most important is to provide innovative products and services that are centered on humanity and that meet the needs of the consumer. Pollan does an excellent job at analyzing the problem and developing solutions based on the needs of society, particularly in America. The solution here is to revert back to the traditional way of consuming and purchasing food: local food grown by local people. Pollan encourages that people become members of a Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) program or shop for fresh produce at their local farmers markets. This local food movement enables new and soon to be farmers to provide â€Å"environmentally sustainable agriculture [while] supporting their local community and growing food that directly connects them to the consumer† (Collins, 2011). On the business perspective, CSA’s are part of â€Å"the Small Farm Movement that is growing across Europe and North America† and farmers start off by selling their products at â€Å"local farmers’ markets to test out what products the consumer is looking for, followed by building clientele and launching into a CSA† (Collins, 2011). In order for CSA’s to succeed as a sustainable innovation, farmers must understand the importance of truthful marketing and fostering relationships with their customers as the most important part of the business model. References 1) Pollan, M. (2008). In Defense of Food: An Eater’s Manifesto. Retrieved from: http://ebookbrowse. com/michael-pollan-in-defense-of-food-an-eater-s-manifesto-pdf-d341084275 2) Nestle, M. (2008). Food Politics. Retrieved from: http://www. foodpolitics. com/food-politics-how-the-food-industry-influences-nutrition-and-health/ 3) Collins, D. (2011). Community Supported Agriculture – A Unique Business Model. Retrieved from: http://www. omafra. gov. on. ca/english/crops/organic/news/2008-12a2. htm.

An Examination of the Team Development Stages in the Movie 12 Angry Men

An Examination of the Team Development Stages in the Movie 12 Angry Men 12 Angry Men: Team Development Stages Team development is a crucial aspect of any group setting and consists of six stages: stage one – forming, stage two – storming, stage three – norming, stage four – performing, and stage five – adjourning (or deforming). In the movie 12 Angry Men, the 12 jury members go through these stages at various points of the deliberation; this paper will serve to explore how and when the jury went through the stages of team development. Forming The movie starts out with our group already been formed, as they were selected to be part of the jury; they really begin the team development process at the beginning of the deliberation, as the jury members all sit down and define what their goals and obligations are, saying that if the defendant is found guilty, they must send him to the electric chair. The forming stage continues as jury members start falling into their respective roles; the members find out that juror 3 and juror 10 are alpha type males, that juror 8 takes his civic duty seriously, but has some biased views (he is just a youth, how could he commit such a crime?), and general introductions from members of the group. Storming The storming stage follows the forming stage, and starts after the jury’s first round of guilty/not guilty voting; the storming stage is set off by juror 8’s not guilty vote, which is the first and only difference among the group at the time. The storming stage is furthered by the jury member’s perception of civic duty, and ignited to another level when juror 8 is attempting to make a case, while some of his fellow jury members are playing games and goofing off. In the storming stage the alpha males of the group try to insert and enforce their brand of â€Å"leadership† through verbal force and intimidation, such as Juror 3 cutting off other jurors during the initial deliberation, telling the group that they are going to skip the set speaking rotation. This struggle of power, juror 3’s intimidation technique versus juror 8’s logical argument technique, continues throughout the story. Norming The norming stage starts when juror 8 starts making his arguments for a not guilty verdict, while persuading others to his side; it is also the stage that lasts the longest throughout the deliberation and takes place in non-connected stages. Once there are a few jurors on the not guilty side of the verdict, open discussion becomes much freer flowing and direct; the jury members start having an actual debate about the facts of the case and whether they could be debated. The discussion, and norming stage, really takes off when juror 8 slams the similar knife into the table; before this the discussion was fairly closed off, with most of the other jury members saying that there was no way the kid was not guilty. Performing The performing stage gradually takes over from the norming stage as more solid arguments are made in favor of the defendant being not guilty. Juror by juror realizes that they may have indeed been so close to sending a potentially innocent person to jail, and feel further obligated to explore the facts in order to render a fair verdict. Jury members put together their individual experiences and knowledge in order to help each other come to a not guilty verdict, such as Juror 8 trying to recreate the witness who had to walk to his door with a limp, or questioning Juror 4 about his week in order to establish that memory can be fuzzy. The final sense of civic obligation come when Juror 9 notices Juror 4 rubbing his nose, making the final argument about one of the witnesses not using her glasses regularly. Adjourning The adjourning stage is the stage where the team evaluates its processes and performance, disbanding on either a temporary or permanent basis; the jury members do not disband on a temporary process, and any breaks are portrayed as short breathers, therefore the focus will be on the disbanding of the jury upon rendering a not guilty verdict. The movie does not go into too much detail about the aftermath of the team’s decision, but the audience could tell through the interactions of Juror 8 with Jurors 3 and 9 that the process took place in the manner it should have, and that the team was happy with their process and performance.

Decision-making traps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decision-making traps - Essay Example In the process however, I had observed that my effort of persuasion to direct the group in arriving at this decision, which was mostly a gratification of personal favor, was futile in the sense that majority of the members weren’t cooperating to their fullest capacities. Knowing each of them personally, I was certain about the reach of their potentials especially when they had appetite for work so it turned out that the succeeding objective of my leadership, which was to stimulate members to perform in a fashion that we could exceed average expectations in and out of the group, gradually became impaired. Primarily, I intended for us to practice executing around a task interdependently but since there were weak signs of self-motivation due to the nature of the project, I felt a growing sense of reluctance myself to push for the desired goal. Such excruciating instance of feeling ineffective in the midst of a crucial situation where I could not afford to deflect instructorâ€⠄¢s good impression at the expense of team quality brought me to the realization that I could have fulfilled each objective had I adhered to the application of utilitarian principle.

Crime rate in United States of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime rate in United States of America - Essay Example This is why we aim to take an in depth analysis into some of the reasons behind the crime rate being high. In so doing we hope that we can identify the major reasons affecting the crime levels in the United States of America and possibly come up with the best solutions to help drop the crime rate. According to Allison (2009), elements such as population, poverty rates, income per capita and unemployment rates are the major aspects which our discussions will be hinged on. In the 90’s for instance when the crime rate was high the rate of unemployment according appendix one stood at a high also i.e 1990, 1991, 1992 and 1993 the unemployment rate was 6.9, 8.7, 11.1 and 10.3. Some justify the drop in crime rate to the stringent rules and legislations put in place by a onetime mayor Rudolph Guiliani and his administration which basically introduced policing that was aggressive. The mayor introduced this aggressive form of policing with the mentality that the smaller crimes led to th e larger crimes and that the participants in the smaller crimes are most likely those that graduate to the bigger crimes something also observed by Blumstein (2002). As such the levels of misdemeanor arrests in United States of America at the time were high at 70 percent. Interestingly with every 10 percent increase in the misdemeanor arrest made the crime rate especially in the case of robberies dropped by a percentage of between 2.5 to 3.2 while the theft of motor vehicles also dropped with a percentage of 1.6 to 2.1.

HIV Screening for potential immigrants to Canada Essay

HIV Screening for potential immigrants to Canada - Essay Example forts in moving beyond the medical aspects of the disease trying to address the social and economic challenges and inequities that leave people vulnerable to HIV. Over the last few years, Canada has responded to the HIV/AIDS pandemic with strong strategic leadership, a generous financial commitment and, a coordinated approach to HIV programming, but are we statistically better off than previous years? And what measures did the government implement to cease its spread? After a brief discussion of the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Canada over the years, the following article will study the input of the Canadian healthcare system with regards to testing and screenings procedures, while showing the burdens of the disease on the economy and society. The developed stage of the disease AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), will be used interchangeably with the word HIV. There has generally been a continuous increase in the patients of HIV/AIDS in Canada over the years. Since the year 1985 when the reporting commenced, the number of HIV positive test reports that have been notified to PHAC till 31 December 2010 were 72,226. â€Å"At the end of 2002, an estimated 56 000 people in Canada were living with HIV infection - 12 per cent more than at the end of 1999† (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006). In the year 2005, there were nearly 57,000 patients of HIV/AIDS in Canada and just over a period of four years, a 14 per cent increase in the population of patients of HIV/AIDS was noticed in Canada with the total population in the year 2009 being 65,000. â€Å"Although estimates of the number of new HIV infections are quite uncertain, it appears that the number of new infections in 2009 (estimated range between 2,300 and 4,300) was about the same as or slightly greater than the estimated range in 2005 (2,200 to 4,200)† (actoronto.org, 2010) . In the year 2009, the number of cases of HIV positive reported were 2416 and with the total number of HIV positive cases being 2358 in

Head Loss Fluid Mechanics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Head Loss Fluid Mechanics - Essay Example Fluid flowing through a pipe encounters resistance because of resistance offered by the pipeline, viscosity of the fluid, and the roughness present in the pipeline’s interior surface. The main energy loss in a pipeline is because of friction as the pipeline has usually long length (Sawhney 2011, p629). The pipeline’s total energy decreases based on the direction of the flow. Fluid flowing through a pipe encounters resistance because of the resistance offered by the pipefittings, fluid viscosity, and the roughness present in the pipeline’s interior surface. Turbulence is generated in fluid flow because of resistance leading to loss of pressure and energy head (Sawhney 2011, p630). The decline in fluid flow energy (generally expressed as units of feet) as the fluid flows through the system is referred to as head loss (Wolf Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation 2004, p2). Head loss in pipeline can be variable head loss due to changing cross-section and constant veloci ty head loss. The constant velocity head loss occurs because of the kinetic energy loss as the fluid flows out of the pipeline having some velocity at the exit and due to the friction in the pipe. The head loss because of friction occurs because of the resistance given by the pipe’s surface roughness when the fluid layer glides over the pipeline’s wall. It also occurs because of the resistance given by the fluid layers to one another (Sawhney 2011, p630). When the length of the pipe is 500 times larger than its diameter, the pipeline is referred to as a long pipeline. Such a pipeline experiences head loss because of friction as the major loss. Fluid flowing at the exit of the pipeline has a particular velocity, which is the head loss because of the kinetic energy flowing out of the fluid. This is considered a minor loss. Variable velocity head loss occurs because of the variable velocity leading into a pipeline each time a change happens inside the pipeline’s cr oss-section. For instance, changes in cross-section can occur due to sudden enlargements, many pipe fitments, sudden contractions, and pipe entrance (Sawhney 2011, p630-631). Flow in Pipes (Darcy’s Formula) Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (1803-1858), a French scientists made significant contributions to hydraulics. One of his significant contributions was the experimental development of pipes’ pressure-loss formula. Using the equation below (equation 1) one can arrive at the formulation Darcy had. The formula is from friction coefficient formula substituted with shear stress from the definition of Cf. This form of relationship suggests that if the friction coefficient is identified, then the calculation of the pressure drop is possible. Assuming that one is using long circular pipes, can be used instead of where L is the pipe’s length: The above formula can be rearranged to a form that was used several years ago: Generally, the formula is close to that of Darcyâ €™s; however, he made use of the pipe diameter (D) rather than 2R, and a friction factor f as an alternative to the friction coefficient (which is 4 times larger) Using the equation for laminar flow one gets The Darcy’s pressure-drop formula can be written if the average velocity in the pipeline is known: Following the original formula, g was added to both sides of equation. This is generally a one-dimensional model since the average

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations Management - Essay Example The paper throws light on operations management as â€Å"the conversion of inputs into outputs, using physical resources, so as to provide the desired utility/utilities of form, place, possession or state of a combination thereof to the customer, while meeting the other organizational objectives of effectiveness, efficiency and adaptability†. Production and operations management is also described as providing physical goods or services. Production and operations are often taken interchangeably; in fact all productive activities are classifiable as operations. Operations management mainly â€Å"consists of activities which are concerned with the acquisition of raw materials, their conversion into finished product, and the supply of that finished product to the customer. In the offshore oil exploration industry, Woll noted that the term â€Å"operations management† is used in different ways at all levels of the organization, citing enterprise operations management, offsi te (tank farm) operations management, and remote operations management. While they differ in scope, they all have a common purpose, which is â€Å"to coordinate a predefined set of resources to achieve predefined results†. Specific responsibilities of the operations manager include strategic operation planning, policy setting, budgeting, management of other managers or of the operations department staff, and the control of the operations function. The core responsibilities of operations managers are circumscribed within the activities, tasks and decisions they are required to make. (Slack, et al., 2010). A figure useful for envisioning the production functions in terms of levels of responsibilities of operations management is provided by Roy (2007) in the following diagram: The Production Function: specific responsibilities of the operation manager Source: Roy, 2007, p. 7 In the pre-planning stage, the bulk of the conceptualization concerning the product, the process, the qua ntity to be produced and the particulars of the productions facilities, is accomplished. The planning of the specifics in terms of the logistics, personnel, equipment, and techniques or methods follows, after which the actualization takes place. The execution of the plans requires the control of the processes to assure that the parameters set during the planning process are abided by, or adjusted if warranted. Finally, feedback generated from the control stage provides input to the pre-planning stage for the next cycle, and the series of activities begins anew. Traditionally, production and operations management referred solely to manufacturing concerns, thus the emphasis on physical resources in many definitions. However, in time the conventional definition had taken cognizance of the fact that many service industries employ the same techniques and activities used in production management in manufacturing of tangible goods. Thus, the term had gradually taken on a broader and more c omprehensive meaning, being equally applied to the manufacture of goods as well as the delivery of services. Other than the general responsibilities of operations management, there have recently come to fore some specialized

Global Management - Royal Mail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Management - Royal Mail - Essay Example During its entire existence, Royal Mail has encountered numerous challenges as it tries to fit it mandate to the twenty-first century, a century where postal services are not in use as they were previously. Royal Mail, with an employee base of more than 160,000 employees was on the verge of being privatized. To do so, it tapped the talents of Moya Greene to its top leadership position of Chief Executive Officer. As a leader, Moya has had prior experience in turning around the fortunes of the Canadian Post. An amazing accomplishment by its standards. The following group assignment looks at the leadership style used by Moya Greene in ensuring success for Royal Mail; the key performance indicators set by the leadership and how Royal Mail benefits from its use; explaining the concept of motivation and how the methods the company uses in motivating its behemoth workforce. In addition, how the company uses corporate social responsibility, which it terms as important to its long-term value and how it is fundamental to the operationalization and privatisation of the company. Finally, how the company recruits its best information technology employees because of their value in protecting the Royal Mail’s proprietary software, which it values. Leadership is important to Royal Mail and how it intends to achieve all the targets to be discussed further in the assignment. Royal Mail is a postal service company operating in the United Kingdom. The company was formed in 1516 and currently exists to provide mail collection and delivery services throughout the United Kingdom. Currently, the Royal Mail is headed by a chief executive, Moya Green. She replaced the departing Adam Crozier from July of 2010 becoming the first woman and the first non-Briton to hold the post. Her duties while at the helm include the privatisation of the Britain’s postal service, the Royal Mail. On her appointment to the helm of the company, Donald Brydon, the

Life and Death of the Salt Marsh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life and Death of the Salt Marsh - Essay Example They are of great importance, in that they control the flow of waters reducing the chances of flooding in mainland. They also utilize excessive nutrients that would otherwise pollute the environment by growing various plant species. This discussion covers the wetland marshes of the eastern coast of North America. The salty marshes cover the whole of the eastern coast of North America. The most interesting thing about these marshes is that it is very difficult to understand its nature. The marshes are observed to be partially of a solid form and partially of a mobile water form. It is barely possible to tell where the marshes begin and where they end in the coastal sea (Teal, J., and M., Teal 30). Any observer will definitely be treated to a rare spectacle, in that when the tide is low, the grass marshes sounds like wind and when the tides are rife, the sound changes to a musical tune of crackling marshes on in waters. However, one thing seems to be unusual about the marshes surroundi ng environment. The birds living in the grassy marshes are known to sing and make noises even when the other entire creatures are still. This leaves a question as to whether the marshes affect the behavior of the other living organisms within its surrounding environment. ... The fact that some people can consider the foul smell similar to that of rotten eggs to be pleasant, raises concern. The feel touch and feel nature of these marshes is also controversial (Teal, J., and M., Teal 30). Some of the marshes are solid hard while others are soft and spongy. While one can step on some parts of the marshes comfortably and walkover, at some parts, stepping on the marshes will open the ground and make the person go under. At some parts still, stepping on the marshes will cause a rebounce and spring back motion that resist the movement. While some marshes have roots that penetrate the ground and forms a hard surface, some lacks the rooting system. This creates two different scenarios, where one can walk comfortably on the marshes one hand and where one will sink into muddy ground so deep on the other hand. The combination of these features provides for the desired conducive environment of the animals living in marshes. Since some cannot live submerged on the sal ty waters of the marshes, they find refuge on the hard ground comprised of the marshes with the rooting system. The rest lives in the muddy ground, which is conducive for their survival. The greatest influence on the environmental surrounding of the marshes has been artificial rather than natural. Because of human activities, the nature of the marshes environment has always fluctuated. The human activities such as building has damaged the wetlands surrounding of the marshes and caused pollution. Though these activities are considered valuable to man, they cause him more harm than good. In their natural setting, the marshes are more beneficial to man than the subsequent converted forms. The marshes benefit both the fishermen at the sea and the