Decision-making traps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decision-making traps - Essay Example In the process however, I had observed that my effort of persuasion to direct the group in arriving at this decision, which was mostly a gratification of personal favor, was futile in the sense that majority of the members weren’t cooperating to their fullest capacities. Knowing each of them personally, I was certain about the reach of their potentials especially when they had appetite for work so it turned out that the succeeding objective of my leadership, which was to stimulate members to perform in a fashion that we could exceed average expectations in and out of the group, gradually became impaired. Primarily, I intended for us to practice executing around a task interdependently but since there were weak signs of self-motivation due to the nature of the project, I felt a growing sense of reluctance myself to push for the desired goal. Such excruciating instance of feeling ineffective in the midst of a crucial situation where I could not afford to deflect instructorâ€⠄¢s good impression at the expense of team quality brought me to the realization that I could have fulfilled each objective had I adhered to the application of utilitarian principle.

Crime rate in United States of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime rate in United States of America - Essay Example This is why we aim to take an in depth analysis into some of the reasons behind the crime rate being high. In so doing we hope that we can identify the major reasons affecting the crime levels in the United States of America and possibly come up with the best solutions to help drop the crime rate. According to Allison (2009), elements such as population, poverty rates, income per capita and unemployment rates are the major aspects which our discussions will be hinged on. In the 90’s for instance when the crime rate was high the rate of unemployment according appendix one stood at a high also i.e 1990, 1991, 1992 and 1993 the unemployment rate was 6.9, 8.7, 11.1 and 10.3. Some justify the drop in crime rate to the stringent rules and legislations put in place by a onetime mayor Rudolph Guiliani and his administration which basically introduced policing that was aggressive. The mayor introduced this aggressive form of policing with the mentality that the smaller crimes led to th e larger crimes and that the participants in the smaller crimes are most likely those that graduate to the bigger crimes something also observed by Blumstein (2002). As such the levels of misdemeanor arrests in United States of America at the time were high at 70 percent. Interestingly with every 10 percent increase in the misdemeanor arrest made the crime rate especially in the case of robberies dropped by a percentage of between 2.5 to 3.2 while the theft of motor vehicles also dropped with a percentage of 1.6 to 2.1.

HIV Screening for potential immigrants to Canada Essay

HIV Screening for potential immigrants to Canada - Essay Example forts in moving beyond the medical aspects of the disease trying to address the social and economic challenges and inequities that leave people vulnerable to HIV. Over the last few years, Canada has responded to the HIV/AIDS pandemic with strong strategic leadership, a generous financial commitment and, a coordinated approach to HIV programming, but are we statistically better off than previous years? And what measures did the government implement to cease its spread? After a brief discussion of the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Canada over the years, the following article will study the input of the Canadian healthcare system with regards to testing and screenings procedures, while showing the burdens of the disease on the economy and society. The developed stage of the disease AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), will be used interchangeably with the word HIV. There has generally been a continuous increase in the patients of HIV/AIDS in Canada over the years. Since the year 1985 when the reporting commenced, the number of HIV positive test reports that have been notified to PHAC till 31 December 2010 were 72,226. â€Å"At the end of 2002, an estimated 56 000 people in Canada were living with HIV infection - 12 per cent more than at the end of 1999† (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006). In the year 2005, there were nearly 57,000 patients of HIV/AIDS in Canada and just over a period of four years, a 14 per cent increase in the population of patients of HIV/AIDS was noticed in Canada with the total population in the year 2009 being 65,000. â€Å"Although estimates of the number of new HIV infections are quite uncertain, it appears that the number of new infections in 2009 (estimated range between 2,300 and 4,300) was about the same as or slightly greater than the estimated range in 2005 (2,200 to 4,200)† (actoronto.org, 2010) . In the year 2009, the number of cases of HIV positive reported were 2416 and with the total number of HIV positive cases being 2358 in

Head Loss Fluid Mechanics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Head Loss Fluid Mechanics - Essay Example Fluid flowing through a pipe encounters resistance because of resistance offered by the pipeline, viscosity of the fluid, and the roughness present in the pipeline’s interior surface. The main energy loss in a pipeline is because of friction as the pipeline has usually long length (Sawhney 2011, p629). The pipeline’s total energy decreases based on the direction of the flow. Fluid flowing through a pipe encounters resistance because of the resistance offered by the pipefittings, fluid viscosity, and the roughness present in the pipeline’s interior surface. Turbulence is generated in fluid flow because of resistance leading to loss of pressure and energy head (Sawhney 2011, p630). The decline in fluid flow energy (generally expressed as units of feet) as the fluid flows through the system is referred to as head loss (Wolf Creek Nuclear Operating Corporation 2004, p2). Head loss in pipeline can be variable head loss due to changing cross-section and constant veloci ty head loss. The constant velocity head loss occurs because of the kinetic energy loss as the fluid flows out of the pipeline having some velocity at the exit and due to the friction in the pipe. The head loss because of friction occurs because of the resistance given by the pipe’s surface roughness when the fluid layer glides over the pipeline’s wall. It also occurs because of the resistance given by the fluid layers to one another (Sawhney 2011, p630). When the length of the pipe is 500 times larger than its diameter, the pipeline is referred to as a long pipeline. Such a pipeline experiences head loss because of friction as the major loss. Fluid flowing at the exit of the pipeline has a particular velocity, which is the head loss because of the kinetic energy flowing out of the fluid. This is considered a minor loss. Variable velocity head loss occurs because of the variable velocity leading into a pipeline each time a change happens inside the pipeline’s cr oss-section. For instance, changes in cross-section can occur due to sudden enlargements, many pipe fitments, sudden contractions, and pipe entrance (Sawhney 2011, p630-631). Flow in Pipes (Darcy’s Formula) Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (1803-1858), a French scientists made significant contributions to hydraulics. One of his significant contributions was the experimental development of pipes’ pressure-loss formula. Using the equation below (equation 1) one can arrive at the formulation Darcy had. The formula is from friction coefficient formula substituted with shear stress from the definition of Cf. This form of relationship suggests that if the friction coefficient is identified, then the calculation of the pressure drop is possible. Assuming that one is using long circular pipes, can be used instead of where L is the pipe’s length: The above formula can be rearranged to a form that was used several years ago: Generally, the formula is close to that of Darcyâ €™s; however, he made use of the pipe diameter (D) rather than 2R, and a friction factor f as an alternative to the friction coefficient (which is 4 times larger) Using the equation for laminar flow one gets The Darcy’s pressure-drop formula can be written if the average velocity in the pipeline is known: Following the original formula, g was added to both sides of equation. This is generally a one-dimensional model since the average

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations Management - Essay Example The paper throws light on operations management as â€Å"the conversion of inputs into outputs, using physical resources, so as to provide the desired utility/utilities of form, place, possession or state of a combination thereof to the customer, while meeting the other organizational objectives of effectiveness, efficiency and adaptability†. Production and operations management is also described as providing physical goods or services. Production and operations are often taken interchangeably; in fact all productive activities are classifiable as operations. Operations management mainly â€Å"consists of activities which are concerned with the acquisition of raw materials, their conversion into finished product, and the supply of that finished product to the customer. In the offshore oil exploration industry, Woll noted that the term â€Å"operations management† is used in different ways at all levels of the organization, citing enterprise operations management, offsi te (tank farm) operations management, and remote operations management. While they differ in scope, they all have a common purpose, which is â€Å"to coordinate a predefined set of resources to achieve predefined results†. Specific responsibilities of the operations manager include strategic operation planning, policy setting, budgeting, management of other managers or of the operations department staff, and the control of the operations function. The core responsibilities of operations managers are circumscribed within the activities, tasks and decisions they are required to make. (Slack, et al., 2010). A figure useful for envisioning the production functions in terms of levels of responsibilities of operations management is provided by Roy (2007) in the following diagram: The Production Function: specific responsibilities of the operation manager Source: Roy, 2007, p. 7 In the pre-planning stage, the bulk of the conceptualization concerning the product, the process, the qua ntity to be produced and the particulars of the productions facilities, is accomplished. The planning of the specifics in terms of the logistics, personnel, equipment, and techniques or methods follows, after which the actualization takes place. The execution of the plans requires the control of the processes to assure that the parameters set during the planning process are abided by, or adjusted if warranted. Finally, feedback generated from the control stage provides input to the pre-planning stage for the next cycle, and the series of activities begins anew. Traditionally, production and operations management referred solely to manufacturing concerns, thus the emphasis on physical resources in many definitions. However, in time the conventional definition had taken cognizance of the fact that many service industries employ the same techniques and activities used in production management in manufacturing of tangible goods. Thus, the term had gradually taken on a broader and more c omprehensive meaning, being equally applied to the manufacture of goods as well as the delivery of services. Other than the general responsibilities of operations management, there have recently come to fore some specialized

Global Management - Royal Mail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Management - Royal Mail - Essay Example During its entire existence, Royal Mail has encountered numerous challenges as it tries to fit it mandate to the twenty-first century, a century where postal services are not in use as they were previously. Royal Mail, with an employee base of more than 160,000 employees was on the verge of being privatized. To do so, it tapped the talents of Moya Greene to its top leadership position of Chief Executive Officer. As a leader, Moya has had prior experience in turning around the fortunes of the Canadian Post. An amazing accomplishment by its standards. The following group assignment looks at the leadership style used by Moya Greene in ensuring success for Royal Mail; the key performance indicators set by the leadership and how Royal Mail benefits from its use; explaining the concept of motivation and how the methods the company uses in motivating its behemoth workforce. In addition, how the company uses corporate social responsibility, which it terms as important to its long-term value and how it is fundamental to the operationalization and privatisation of the company. Finally, how the company recruits its best information technology employees because of their value in protecting the Royal Mail’s proprietary software, which it values. Leadership is important to Royal Mail and how it intends to achieve all the targets to be discussed further in the assignment. Royal Mail is a postal service company operating in the United Kingdom. The company was formed in 1516 and currently exists to provide mail collection and delivery services throughout the United Kingdom. Currently, the Royal Mail is headed by a chief executive, Moya Green. She replaced the departing Adam Crozier from July of 2010 becoming the first woman and the first non-Briton to hold the post. Her duties while at the helm include the privatisation of the Britain’s postal service, the Royal Mail. On her appointment to the helm of the company, Donald Brydon, the

Life and Death of the Salt Marsh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life and Death of the Salt Marsh - Essay Example They are of great importance, in that they control the flow of waters reducing the chances of flooding in mainland. They also utilize excessive nutrients that would otherwise pollute the environment by growing various plant species. This discussion covers the wetland marshes of the eastern coast of North America. The salty marshes cover the whole of the eastern coast of North America. The most interesting thing about these marshes is that it is very difficult to understand its nature. The marshes are observed to be partially of a solid form and partially of a mobile water form. It is barely possible to tell where the marshes begin and where they end in the coastal sea (Teal, J., and M., Teal 30). Any observer will definitely be treated to a rare spectacle, in that when the tide is low, the grass marshes sounds like wind and when the tides are rife, the sound changes to a musical tune of crackling marshes on in waters. However, one thing seems to be unusual about the marshes surroundi ng environment. The birds living in the grassy marshes are known to sing and make noises even when the other entire creatures are still. This leaves a question as to whether the marshes affect the behavior of the other living organisms within its surrounding environment. ... The fact that some people can consider the foul smell similar to that of rotten eggs to be pleasant, raises concern. The feel touch and feel nature of these marshes is also controversial (Teal, J., and M., Teal 30). Some of the marshes are solid hard while others are soft and spongy. While one can step on some parts of the marshes comfortably and walkover, at some parts, stepping on the marshes will open the ground and make the person go under. At some parts still, stepping on the marshes will cause a rebounce and spring back motion that resist the movement. While some marshes have roots that penetrate the ground and forms a hard surface, some lacks the rooting system. This creates two different scenarios, where one can walk comfortably on the marshes one hand and where one will sink into muddy ground so deep on the other hand. The combination of these features provides for the desired conducive environment of the animals living in marshes. Since some cannot live submerged on the sal ty waters of the marshes, they find refuge on the hard ground comprised of the marshes with the rooting system. The rest lives in the muddy ground, which is conducive for their survival. The greatest influence on the environmental surrounding of the marshes has been artificial rather than natural. Because of human activities, the nature of the marshes environment has always fluctuated. The human activities such as building has damaged the wetlands surrounding of the marshes and caused pollution. Though these activities are considered valuable to man, they cause him more harm than good. In their natural setting, the marshes are more beneficial to man than the subsequent converted forms. The marshes benefit both the fishermen at the sea and the