Accounting and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting and focussing - Essay ExampleWages take hold increased by almost by 17%, electricity expenses have gone up by 11% a similar increase has been experience for accountant charges. Single digit increases have been witnessed by expenses on rent (9.09%), insurance premium (5.66%), and telephone bill (6.25%).The most distressing deviation has been suffered by the component of sundry expenses, by an abnormal amount of 40%. This points out to the fact that the company does not have adequate control on property flowing out in minute amounts. It has spent in necessary amounts that have resulted in the sundry expenses surging so high. The high sundry expenses eject have another implication as well. There might be corruption in the system and the employees take undue advantage of the same.There ask to be sufficient control on the expenses as revealed by the analysis. Samuel Pepys needs to carry out adequate research before he embarks on the conceptualisation of annual budget. Th e company had actually exhibited operational efficiency by garnering a higher gross sales volume than was budgeted. However, all of that achievement got subsided by the enormous be incurred by the company. Use of accessories like telephone and electricity must be regulated and used as needed. Unnecessary wastage of costly resources must be avoided. organized accounting of all expenses must be carried out and reviewed on a periodical basis so that the purpose for which a cost is occurring gets effectively monitored.The management should initiate proper steps to ensure that they can check the adverse labour rate variance and material cost variance. Though the actual sales has increased from the budgeted sales, yet because of the increased expenditures, the companys actual profit is lower than that of the budgeted profit. So, to check the excess expenditures proper steps are recommended to the

Child abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Child vitiate - Research Paper ExampleNeglect means failure to provide for a small frys basic requires (Joint Commission Resources, 2002, p. 6).Physical detestation include inflicting harm or injury to a child via burning, biting, or punching whereas personal neglect means failure to provide the child with basic necessities like food and shelter (Joint Commission Resources, 2002, p. 6). Emotional abuse include verbal or non-verbal actions that can cause a child to suffer from emotional, behavioural, or mental injury. Other than incest, sexual abuse includes rape cases, sexual intercourse, or touching the childs genital areas (Dickey, 2013).This Convention serves as the first legally binding international instrument to incorporate the full range of human rightscivil, cultural, economic, political and kind rights (Unicef, 2005). This Convention aims to educate the population about the childs right to live, become educated, receive medical care assistance, and be protected from a busive people and exploitation (Rasooldeen, 2011 Unicef, 2005).In Islam, each child has a right to life and equal life chances (Islamweb, 2013). In fact, part of the 3rd commandment in Islam highlighted the need to preserve the childs life. On top of the Islamic rule, Saudi-Arabian has ratified the said Convention in 1996 (Rasooldeen, 2011). However, it is sad to say that child abuse remain rampant in Saudi Arabia (Dickey, 2013).Despite the Islamic rule about child protection and signing of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, child abuse still exists in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, people in this country should continuously fight for childrens rights to live in a safe environment.Dickey, C. (2013, February 8). The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 21, 2013, from Saudi Arabias Child-Rape Case Female Activists Fight to Prevent Abuse

Comparison of Stieglitz and Jacob Riis photography style Essay

Comparison of Stieglitz and Jacob Riis photography style - Essay ExampleThis essay Comparison of Stieglitz and Jacob Riis photography style outlines and compares the works and hereditary pattern of this two talented photographs. Dubbed as the Patron Saint of Straight Photography, Alfred Stieglitz (January 1, 1864 July 13, 1946) began earnest photography in 1883 and from the very beginning was against the idea of manipulation of all sort in the photographs that, to him, meant capturing life completely as it is. He is most famously noted for his promotion of photography as a complete subterfuge form in itself. Through 1892 and onwards, Stieglitz became considerable famous for his photographs of the every day life of New York and Paris. He was one of those people who were able to see the geological fault of New York City from one of considerable poverty to one that rose as a symbol of the modern world. His photographs have captured the essence of both eras and take in the transfor mation of the larva into the butterfly.His one famous photograph is The Terminal which he took from the 4x5, which was, unlike the 8x10 camera not considered for professional purposes. However, due to his greater freedom of carrying the camera and public lecture photographs without a tripod, he was able to take as many photographs as he wanted through much greater ease. Using all raw(a) elements such as the smoke and the ice, he softens the fame and presents his sober mood through the medium. All the faceless subjects of the photograph present what came to be recognized as his pioneering faculties in the field of straight photography.

The Role of Myanmar Poems in Environmental Conservation Essay Example for Free

The Role of Myanmar Poems in environmental Conservation EssayI would first like to express my thanks to the organizers of the Irrawaddy belles-lettres Festival for this opportunity to discuss my view on the significant role of Myanmar traditional Literature and culture in environmental conservation and sustainable ontogeny. The topic I have chosen is on how Myanmar traditional poems can contri merelye towards environmental conservation and sustainable development from the aesthetic perspective. Like totally organism, human beings rely on the natural environment for survival and well-being.But, unlike other living beings human needs not only physical nutrients, but mental supplement such as aesthetic feeling plays a vital role for his survival. Appreciation of beauty is ane of the distinctive element that distinguishes humans from other creatures, that is, we like to live in beautiful places full of blooming flowers, green trees, singing birds as mental nutrients while we ne ed fresh port and clean water with full of minerals as our physical nutrients.The natural environment provide our aesthetic needs through its amazing beauty such as ranges of purple mountain, snowy peak, green forests and prairies, the far-reaching spaces of blue oceans and colourful seashells, flowing yellowish rivers, the twittering sounds of birds and beasts with their mates, colourful flowers in bloom, and so forth. In my view the beauty of nature has constantly stimulated aw atomic number 18ness that we have to preserve our environment to preserve this beauty. Today this beauty is rapidly vanishing mega cities have replaced many beautiful landscapes and this has left human beings empty-hearted.It whitethorn be one of the ca enforces in the rise of crime and violence in the inner cities of megapolices. The phenomena of natural world have historically been the subject and object of aesthetics. When we use the term natural it has been conceptualized as the beautiful, pastoral, s ublime, and picturesque. These aesthetic categories have historically functioned to frame and construct the natural world for us against a human, technologically determined environment. Environmental Aesthetics ensues into questions and forms an analysis of our aesthetic relationship Dr.Le Le Wynn, Professor Head, Department of Philosophy, University of Yangon Irrawaddy Literary Festival (Myanmar) 3-2-2013 2 and judgments of the natural world as a methodology for setting up a better relationship that will promote environmental respect not just preservation. 1 In his A Sand County Almanac, the founder of ecological science Aldo Leopold verbalise that A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community and It is wrong when it tends otherwise. 2 It room that integrity, stability, and beauty are necessary for preserving the natural environment.Of these, integrity and beauty are especially human concerns because nonhuman beings tha t live in the biotic community are not concerned with honorable or aesthetical value. Be locations, it seems to suggest that both honourable and aesthetical considerations are crucial for the environmental conservation. Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment, stated that beautiful items in nature such as flowers, birds, and seashells provide a source of disinterested pleasure because their significant form alone can lead us to pleasurable imagination and understanding.Beauty is a symbol of Morality, and The enjoyment of nature is the mark of a good soul are key sayings of Kant. For him, the divided up enjoyment of a sunset or a beach shows there is harmony between us all, and the world. In this respect, judgments of pure beauty, being selfless, initiate one into the moral point of view. 3 For that reason, it is clear that the role of aesthetic appreciation of Nature is crucial for awakening the humans conscience with regard to ethical responsibility to the natural environment.I n this sense, environmental aesthetics stresses its interest in the potentialities of artistic representations which can stimulate aesthetic appreciation which will lead to fruition of the ethical obligations of human being towards nature. In fact, it is an undeniable fact that the power of aesthetic stimulation of the perceptual faculties of humans is more effective than the power of ethical guidelines to their conceptual awareness of them.In Myanmar culture, like other Eastern traditions, it is usually considered that human beings and natural environment coexist peacefully side by side in the world. This idea is reflected in the writings of Myanmar Poets and Authors.http//unnatural. ucsc. edu/environmental_aesthetics/index. htm Aldo Leopold (1981). A Sand County Almanac, The Land Ethic. Oxford Oxford University Press. pp. 237-265. 3 Barry Hartley Slater. Aesthetics, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.http//www.iep.utm.edu/

Graphic Design as Main Communication Medium Essay Example for Free

pictorial Design as Main Communication Medium EssayAs multimedia advances to higher phases of development, the signifi trampce of natural function continues to increase. Graphic design was once considers a visual form of art. Over time, it has come to be accept as form of communication. Art and communication reflect and serve culture. Culture represents the political and scotch structure of the society. Therefore graphic design reflects and promotes political and economic systems.This paper attempt to show that graphic design, layout design of the poster and artistic craftsmanship of typography are the main communication media that have served contrasting cultures during different historical eras. Graphic design can be adjustd from many perspectives. For a layman, graphic design may simply refer to the production of printed, online, and fabricate materials that are visually appealing. Graphic design is reproduced in either large numbers or in gigantic media such as bill boards so that it can get the attention of many people.Being a visual instrument of communication, it usually employs an effective combination of graphics and text in order to send a message. Graphic design is prevalent in both the capitalists and socialist economies. The capitalist use it mainly to lot goods and services while the socialists use it to sell ideas to motivate people to agree with government policies and work for a socialist economy. Whatever the case , the of aim graphic design is to motivate people to do the information it relays is meant to move people and not just to satisfy the usual thirst for knowledge.Some people include paintings as graphic design just Barnard in the book, Graphic Design as Communication, denies that this is incorrect. Classical paintings merely tell a story. They are being viewed only in the confines of private homes or museums. They are definitely not for popular consumption. Newark, in the book, The Gutenberg Galaxy, states that the co ins found in Apollonia, Greece, which was estimated sometime in 450 BC may be considered the earliest products of graphic design. Because it was a form of currency, it was produced in large numbers.It has a prototypical logo and it was made with the use of a metal die, a technological wonder at that time. Jobling Crowley define graphic design in relation to social structures and the historical context in which such structure exists. Graphic design is shaped by reli adequate to(p) societys beliefs and morals. Jobling Crowley identify three factors that graphic design constitutes the following It is produced in large numbers It should be cheap and graphic design learns ideas through a combination of words and images.However, Jobling Crowley argue that not all products of graphic deign are cheap. In fact, some of them are symbolic of wealth and luxury. Newark defines graphic design by focusing on its functions. Graphic design functions as a means of communication. Once the design is able to attract the attention of people, it mustiness be able to explain its message with the minimum use of words, if any. Brand logos explain not only the product but also the feature it possesses. A graphic design cash in ones chipss the identity of its subject. People begin to relate certain symbols to what they represent.For example, the elephant symbol becomes the Republican Party. These act on peoples emotions and become factors in determining how they feel the market. Knoblauch points out that communication shapes culture. Culture develops by communication and acceptable interaction by the society. In this regard, since graphic design is a medium of communication, it serves culture as well. It passes through many historical eras and different cultures. This is contrary to the common belief that it is just a product of the modern estimator technology.Technology is a continuous process and so is its evolution. History has shown that human beings had begun communicating through visuals before oral communication grew. McLuhan notes that Gutenberg press is an important stage in the evolution of graphic design. Invented around 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg, it made possible the mass production of literary material. Bibles were the first material to be produced. Gutenberg utilise a special character symbols which he developed himself to represent words and common Latin phrases.Gutenbergs visually attractive typography and lay-out made the Bible more(prenominal) appealing to people, a fact that served well the cultural interests of the Holy Roman Empire . 1700s and 1800s saw further development of graphic design. This was the time that capitalism was growth at a rapid pace. Publishers were in great competition with each other.. Therefore, graphic design was highly improved. At this point came there arose contradictions between publishers and authors. Publishers used graphic design especially on the covers to make it more attractive.The authors feared t hat this might change the context of the book. This shows that graphic design can either enhance or destroys the context of the ext. Barchas, J. warns us not to make judgment by looking at the cover of a book since graphic design may convey anther meaning. Graphic design is developing further. The advancement of computer and information technology has made it possible for graphic arts to be blended with other media Graphic design has been used tin advertisement.Eisend advises that the advertisers have to create graphic design that effectively sells a product. The graphic design must also be able to convince the consumer to buy only the brand that it promotes. Lindstrom notes that many companies are gradually transforming the traditional billboards into audio-visual displays, which appeal to more senses other than just sight. In conclusion, graphic design can either be a factor to encourage the survival of a social system or it can destroy it to introduce a new one. Reference The giv en research paper

IPSec Tunnel and transport Modes Essay Example for Free

IPSec Tunnel and transport Modes EssayComputer networking security is one of the primary concerns of any network systems. In this case, comforting the selective information transferred between channels should be a primary concern for any entities that use networking. This article will discuss IPSec Tunnel and Transport Modes. IPsec is short for earnings Protocol Security. This is a special suite to secure the Internet protocol data transfers and communication by encrypting each packet of data stream. IPsec may besides include protocols so that mutual authentication can be established between any agents during sessions of data transfers. One of the main reasons why IPsec is used is to protect the integrity of data that flows from one channel to another, say for example between a computer and a user or a computer to a server. What is IPSec transport mode? In this mode, only the payload or the data that the user transfers is encrypted for authentication (Technet Microsoft, 2005). The routing of data in this mode is intact so on that point is no modification possible. The transport schemes are always secured by a hash. Transport mode is commonly utilized for host-to-host transfers and communications.On the other hand, with the IPsec delve mode, the building block of the IP packet is encrypted and authenticated before communications happen (Technet Microsoft, 2005). It is encased into a newly generated IP packet with a new header. Usually, tunnel much is used to build a Virtual Private Network for such a network to network communications or host to network communications. The tunnel mode can be applied to any of the following Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2 (Technet Microsoft, 2005).

The Value Of Happiness In The Workplace

The Value Of Happiness In The WorkplaceTo write this es vocalize, I mixed the main findings of the text and included some additional references with my sustain opinion. I believe that the text wants us to reflect on this question does civilise allow merri manpowert?In our contemporary society, and especially for some single wish well me who is starting my passe-partout c beer, I gestate it is a relevant question, a disput adequate to(p) topic very interesting to discuss, that has fabricate a real debate nowadays.About HappinessHappiness is a state of fully satisfied consciousness. Its a state of mind that depends on how it is interpreted. Happiness may in any chance be defined as the experience of frequent positive disturb, infrequent negative affect and an overall sense of satis itemion with life as a whole (Myers Diener, 1995).In recent years, there has been a craze to measure happiness repayable to feelings of individuals who dont feel happier despite of an increase i n wealth and of the increasing importance given to quality of life, hence the concept of sustainable development for example.Happiness is not but world well-chosen as Aristotle wrote, A swallow does not a make a spring, nor one single day ( une hirondelle ne fait pas le printemps, ni non plus un seul jour ).This phrase became proverbial, meaning that happiness is not the affair of a moment it must really last over time if it is true. The breathing in of the great schools of antique philosophy is to allow men to reach happy lives the attempt for lasting happiness is the purpose of this part of philosophy called ethics.Aristotle as swell up as the Epicureans and the Stoics agree on this point only a just and upright life crumb give us access to true happiness, that is to say durable, long-lasting happiness. For the Epicureans, if enjoyment is essential to happiness, some desires bring much disorders than festivities they must be set aside, and we should content ourselves with natural and necessary desires, because they argon source of delight and easy to satisfy. For the Stoics, happiness fundamentnot be sustainable if it depends on external circumstances I take for to discipline my go out to learn to only depend on me, because my happiness bednot be left with the whims of the fortune.2. About WorkDue to its etymology (tripalium meaning in Latin torture trestel), the concept of seduce is already inconsistent, contradictory with the motif of happiness.While in antiquity and in a society of orders figure out was contrary to social prestige, employment is nowadays a discriminating element. Indeed, we see seem in the society a social category of fakes poors and many precarious jobs.From then on, become central constituent element of both modus vivendi and standard of living, work appears today not as a Garden of Eden still more as a source of conflicts, concerns, and gloom.In fact, happiness and work do not seem to be compatible.3. Work and Happin essHappiness depends on workAccording to the relative index of happiness, work is one of the most important factors that influence happiness. You cannot separate one from the other. This notion of work rises through the tasks we execute, of course, exclusively a manage in the relationships we have with colleagues, in the recognition that we vex from our employer, in our level of empowerment and in the valuation bound to the fact of learning and discovering.In addition, in a cut study published in 2003 work to be happy? ( get the pictureler pour tre heureux? ), it seems that a quarter of the French respondents emphasize that work constitutes in itself an essential part of happiness.If a quarter of the French states that individual happiness at a time depends on work, it reveals not only the importance of work as a major source of definition of the conceptions of happiness, but also the wide variety of professed(prenominal) situations.This can be understood as far as work is th ought by men as a source, multifaceted, essential, of happiness. In this sense, without work, unemployed men cannot get to know happiness. Indeed, the activity is today privileged and highly valued in the scotch and social life. France, which has a comparatively high unemployment rate comp ared to its European neighbors such as Germany, regularly puts in place specific economic policies aimed directly at reducing the unemployment rate. In our society, the professional activity is valued because it provides legitimate resources (wealth, social status, salary, etc.)In addition, we can only emphasize the omnipotence of work. The occupation appears in this perspective as a necessary take for happiness because it allows for a whole range of human necessitate.Happiness can be compatible to work to the extent that a productive activity can also be a creative activity, a fruitful activity, especially source of satisfaction of multiple needs.Abraham Maslow has ordern in his pyramid theo ry of needs that men must satisfy first their physiological needs, then their safety needs (i.e. earn money to meet their basic needs, that is to say, food, housing ) before considering other needs more extensive as sense of belonging, esteem from others, self-esteem etc.. But it is precisely through the professional activity that men will be able to meet their first needs, indispensable to happiness.For the majority of workers, working is a condition of their happiness and their job is an irreplaceable source of income and social inclusion. Indeed, for some employees, the firm is not only a workplace, but a real social institution, where they can really socialize with others.As a matter of fact, with the current economy, for some it is a real luck to have a job to be able to live (housing, food), and this work can make them happyIn addition, a individualised development, a self-fulfillment is done by working with the satisfaction obtained after the effort. To illustrate this, we c an cite passel who do a thankless job, but who follow an ideal, and whom it makes happy For example Mother Theresa worked in the garbage dumps to look after the rejected, unloved, and neglected mountain and was happy to help them even if the purlieu was dreadful.I think that happiness at work is different for everyone, for some people, happiness will reside in the social side provided by the activity, for others it will be being able to travel, for other it will be obtaining a big pay etcIn addition, many people will say that if you alike what we do, you obtain better results.Having happy employees can be the key to business success.During my internship, I have noticed that employees who seemed happy were more team-players, were more concentrated, more proactive and wasted less time and resources. Indeed, if we take the example of a salesman, if he looks happy and satisfied, he will transmit his enthusiasm, he will probably go on more easily customers to buy, his sales will in crease, his performance and efficiency will participate to a productivity increase and the company will benefit directly from it Basically, having happy, satisfied and loyal employees will bring happy, satisfied and loyal customers And happy, satisfied and loyal customers will bring higher profits The motivation to reach our objectives increases with professional fulfillment. It also stimulates and encourages creativity and innovation.I think if that if we are really happy, we are then 100% invested in what we undertake, and we can even go beyond what is pass judgment of us. Then starts a virtuous circle because the company, happy with the employees results, will give him or her more autonomy and responsibility, which will increase the workers satisfaction.In addition, I think that in general, when were happy, when we see life in pink, we look at the future in a more positive guidance, and obstacles appear less insurmountable.According to the hierarchy particularly, if a worker i s successful, he will be easily granted better positions, more responsibilities and higher salaries which will participate to increase his happiness.Achieve gratification and satisfaction of its employees is a real challenge for a company. But it is really beneficial because it helps decrease employee turnover and absenteeism due to illness or overwork, through better energy management and health. Negative stress is transformed into positive stress.I recently read that a real link was established between being happy at work and health.We can cite the example of management in the company Google. In my opinion, the company has implemented many policies to achieve eudaimonia and satisfaction of its employees. For example, employees can enjoy many benefits such as free haircuts, sports facilities (gyms, swimming pools), laundry services, medical personnel on the workplace, recreation rooms (billiards, babyfoots, film games), enjoy massages and so on I think thats part of why Google i s placed number 1 of the 100 best companies to work for in 2012 by the magazine Fortune.I think it is important to emphasize the important place of labor relationships for happiness. Empathy has a prominent place.At work, there are four types of relationships with colleagues Friends a elbow room of work, who become friends in the normal way Friends at work, whom we only see at work, for example, during breaks or lunch time The friendly relations at work, people with whom we dont have a break or lunch with Labor relations only, that is to say those which we avoidBut in closer relationships, two types of behavior are favored on the one hand cooperation and on the other hand, jokes and gossip. It was found that these two ways of acting promote job satisfaction, help to reduce the reach of stress on health, and decrease the psychosomatic effects.We know now that health is a driving force in self-realization, in self-fulfillment, in the pursuit of happiness. Thus, effective working re lationships facilitate the achievement of personal happiness. It is for this reason that the employer must ensure that the working environment is positive. This is for example why numerous team building activities were develop these recent years. In my view, the recognition by colleagues and superiors of the accomplished work is essential.An even more important relationship is the one between an employee and his supervisor. In order for the employee to be satisfied in his work and thus allow opening a door to his general happiness in life, the immediate supervisor must show a lot of consideration and well-being. He must also be careful not to be too prescriptive but suggestive, not direful a way to do things but imposing goals for examples. The supervisor should give feedback, recognize successes, offer new challenges and especially show justice and fairness. I also believe that a good manager is a supportive manager. To be happy at work, it is important for employees to work in a n environment that is not antipathetical but dynamic and fair. In other words, we could say that even if the hierarchy must remain, hierarchical barriers must fall.Moreover, we can highlight that various intellectual traditions held intellection work, not only as a place of possible alienation (Marxist tradition), but also in a more modern way, as a place for membership, belonging, and identity creation.Indeed, if work is often seen as a painful constraint, it is nevertheless a way by which men overcome nature and pommel their freedom and humanity. This is what Hegel shows by teaching me to delay the satisfaction of my desires, working requires me to discipline myself ( en mapprenant retarder le moment de la satisfaction de mes dsirs, le travail moblige me discipliner ).Through the effort, men gradually scale themselves they free themselves from the nature (their instincts) by transforming the nature out of them. Work is thus needed in a trice sense without it, men cannot rea lize their humanity.Work should not be considered in the horizon of survival by their work, men cultivate and humanize nature (Marx) and groom themselves.This is the meaning of Hegels dialectic of the master and the slave, the master, that is to say, the one who enjoys the work of others without doing anything with his ten fingers, is finally the true slave, and the slave who learned to discipline himself and to patiently acquire knowledge becomes master of himself and of the nature. While it was an undergone constraint and the mark of slavery, work becomes the driving element of our liberation as it allows the realization of ourselves. Thus, work can be seen as a liberating or emancipating activity.But work also has a more specific educating value work is a source of education according to Kant. Indeed, as Rousseau stated, work involves effort, perseverance, consistency, qualities that are opposed to our natural tendency to inertia.Working is educational as it teaches us to go aga inst our natural tendency to passivity and ease. In a way working is doing violence to our nature work also teaches us to master ourselves.If work takes such a central place in our lives, it nonetheless also shapes our own representations of happiness. Thus, we must also understand the sense in which 75% of French respondents in the survey work and happiness think work is not in itself a part of happiness.Happiness doesnt depend on workIf professional activity is not necessarily an integral part of individual happiness, it is because happiness can come from other sources. Also, if some ethics believe work can make people happy, some other ethics believe non-work constitutes a way to be happy.In other words, it is primarily the type of profession that will determine whether a person is happy or not. Sweetened and idealized images of the successful man or of the businessman travelling have to face those darker images of the warehouseman or of the unpacker employee subjected to diffic ult schedules. Thus, some individuals place their work in the center of their happiness, but others emphasize the concepts of health, family, friends.Within the sociological study Happiness and Work ( Bonheur et Travail ) directed by Christian Baudelot and which resulted in the book Work to be happy ( Travailler pour tre heureux ), it has been shown that the reference to work is uneven from one social group to another. In fact, 43% of workers, but only 27% of business leaders, executives and self-employed mentioned it. It is and so a visible paradox the apparently less valued professions (such as blue-collar workers), believe work is a superior source of happiness than more socially desirable occupations such as managers and higher intellectual professions (who believe work is a less important source of happiness).A film like Human Resources from Laurent Cantet in 1999 ( Ressources humaines ), which describes the arrival of a young adult into the Human Resources Direction service o f his fathers company, shows the dichotomy of the business and social world and highlights the different relationships to work.For the father, work is the backbone of a lifetime for the son, work is a means by which it seeks its own identity. Moreover we can distinguish the white collars, whose profession is a way to conduct a good life out of the company (family, friends, outings, travels, leisure), and the blue collars, like the father of the young hero, who, once returned from the factory in the evening, addresss for his pleasure to work on parts.In this logic, we can assume that for many workers, happiness depends on other things deemed more important than work.We can also note that work is sometimes thought, certainly in a more marginal way, as antithetical to happiness. This is particularly the case when the activity in question is suffered, undergone because of it is hard, arduous, precarious or not remunerative enough.It can also be translated more concretely by the introdu ction and implementation of alternative lifestyles, refusing work, as described in the video directed by Pierre Carles in 2003 Attention danger work ( Attention danger travail ).It is important to highlight that many workers emphasize a certain job insecurity due to structural changes and to the desire of companies to maximize flexibility.Also, the first professions to be exposed to the major recent developments of capitalism (the end of extensive industrialization and the development of the tertiary sector), have been either deleted or replaced (we can think for example of minors or steel workers in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais).Nowadays, these trends, continued and forceful by growing financialization of economies and increased power to shareholders, thus bring some professionals in specific sectors of the industry in situations where the sense of fragility and precariousness outweighs safety.Outsourcing and relocation waves to conquer new markets and set up at a cheaper labor cost , have recently crystallized in France this deep fear of workers for their personal future. To sum up, we can that that because of the severe downturn of todays economy, a big majority of employees are apprehensive about the security of their positions and this leads to higher levels of self-doubt and conflict into the workplace.Considering in this perspective that a precarious profession couldnt be constitutive of happiness in the long term, we can understand that so few French respondents said they were happy with their work because their work is no eight-day their predominant value.The working time reduction, the emergence of a leisure society, and the omnipresence of consumption lead the professional activity to become an incidental or accessory occupation.At the same time, authors like Dominique Meda with his book Work, an endangered value ( Le travail, une valeur en voie de disparition ) or Andr Gorz with his book Work metamorphoses, search for meaning ( Mtamorphoses du trava il, qute du sens ) show that the modern work is not necessarily at the heart of concerns.On one hand, for Dominique Meda, work in contemporary Western societies requires individuals to make permanent choices and tradeoffs between professional life and family life. On another hand, for Andr Gorz, any activity that aims to minimize its working time cannot at same time boast or glorify work as a source of personal fulfillment.In short, it is therefore clear with these two authors that skilful and technological progress tends to make work become a mere moment, often restrictive and constraining, of life.In addition, professions where hardness and physical or mental efforts to produce are numerous can logically less contribute to happiness, compared to other more fulfilling professions. Also, those jobs where wages and salaries are very low cannot actively contribute to happiness.Moreover, it would be interesting to know whether the professions traditionalisticly favored, envied and va lued are actually those where happiness is possible, at work, and out of work.It is interesting to note that managers, for example, is the profession where people say they are most exposed to a significant nervous tension, rather than workers, for example. We can cite as an example that the year 2012 saw the greatest number of burn-outs. In addition, new researches show that such stress at work is as dangerous for the health and the well-being of an individual as smoking.Similarly, because the professions with high responsibilities are engrossing and time consuming, the life out-work is sometimes disturbed which questions and threatens the general equilibrium of life. Managers are more likely than workers to report that their occupation prevents them from practicing other activities. They are in fact subject to a dilemma to invest in their profession to climb the social ladder and eventually earn more, or focus on areas right(prenominal) work to find a personal harmony.Suffering a t work (psychological pressure, for example) is thus not only the prerogative of professions usually less valued like blue-collar workers. In addition, examples of recurring depression and suicides at work (for example in France Tlcom in 2008) are in any case symptomatic of a doubt about the ability of work to make us happy. In the past few years, large companies such as IBM have created within their organizations positions of Well-being Director or Happiness Director. As a matter of fact, the question of happiness at work is today no longer immediately obvious it is not a certainty anymore for more and more workers, employees or entrepreneurs.In the same range of ideas, we can highlight that Luc Boltanski and even Chiapello have in their book The new spirit of capitalism ( Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme ) also shown how capitalism has managed to integrate all the external ideological reviews and has incorporated them in its ways of doing.The liberation of the personal creativities , the expression of everyones happiness in the company can, in fact, become a daily burden. If the modern managerial discourse placed the mysteries of employees happiness, the practice of happy work has become a reality often illusory.4. ConclusionI believe we can say that the 25% of French people who responded positively to the question of whether their work constitute in itself a part of happiness can be considered privileged.On the one hand, work has become a major source of self-fulfillment as a condition to meet our needs, but it retains the possibility to submit, use, coerce, through human traditional subjugation for specific tasks, such as through managerial techniques aiming at excessive responsibility to ensure not only the competence, the knowledge, but also the know-how and the skills.On the other hand, work was subjected in all its aspects, dimensions and possibilities to profound and deep changes that have made it more difficult to achieve happiness. In a way, the work reinventing itself in the contemporary period, it is all traditional conceptions of happiness that could be challenged.It is ultimately through a rational individual arbitration between working time and leisure time, made possible by a harmonious relationship with ones business, which could be found the source of a possible fulfillment through work.Some retired or inactive people, seek to continue working rather than stop. In fact, they highlight the importance work takes in our society. It allows standing in life, worthy, dignified and proud of our human condition.Therefore, maybe should we question the economic policies of employment nowadays in France because they dont sufficiently take into account the importance of work as a source of personal fulfillment and not just as a source of income?